FROLIO – Formalizable Relationship-Oriented Language-Insensitive Ontology

© Roger M Tagg 2009 revised 2015

Welcome to FROLIO – a new attempt to merge philosophy and the "semantic web" . This website is under continuing development.

Related mini-essay: Bullshit

Introduction

I think we have to be aware today that most - if not all - of the people we deal with, listen to or watch have their own motives, ideas and view in dealing with us. They are not connecting with you or me primarily for our benefit, but for their own.

Bullshit - why people resort to it

A lot of people want:

Bullshit - in what form does it actually appear?

It appears not just in the use of words, but also

These are orchestrated to appeal to our The idea is to by-pass clear thought by the person(s) to whom the bullshit is addressed.

Roger's Gallery of Bullshit Categories

False premises
Making unjustified assumptions
Logical errors
Saying things that don't follow, don't make sense, circular arguments, begging the question, assuming an undivided middle
Rhetoric
Intimidating with oratorical tricks, long words, jargon, repetition; starting off answers with "Look ..."
Implied threats
Suggesting bad things will happen if you don't agree or comply, e.g. a gypsy's curse
Labelling, and "irregular verbs"
Using emotionally charged words, which are usually different depending on whether one is talking about things are done by 'our side' or by 'the other side'. Examples: they are terrorists, but we are freedom fighters; or "I am steadfast, you are stubborn, he is pig-headed"
Ramps
Implying a scale of values according to which one should always go one step further if one is really serious about an issue, e.g. "holier than thou"
(see a related essay)
Denial of any personal responsibility
Giving a version of what happened that excludes any admission that the bullshitter was even partly responsible, as in the famous euphemism "his car failed to take a bend"
Biased attribution of cause and effect
E.g. "this disaster was caused by our opponents' incompetence and crazy policies"
Baseless imputation of motives
E.g. "what our opponents really want to see is X"

For more on the first 3 categories, see Thouless's book "Straight and Crooked Thinking".

Some of my favourite Bullshit words, phrases and gambits

Bullshit Example What's the insinuation?
New paradigm, paradigm shift Your previous thinking doesn't apply any more, it's "old hat"
I'm glad you asked that question I had hoped you wouldn't ask it, but give me time to think of a response
Bourgeois Middle class is undesirable - you should be either with us (the proletariat) or with them (the capitalists)
I couldn't help it I'm not ready or willing to face some personal responsibility
Vibrant Not boring like other options (related to cities, it more often means 'busy, noisy, hustling')
Get a life Your disapproval of my actions shows you are boring
Secularism Not relating everything to God isn't 'holy' enough
Imperatives Things we must do because either I (or some authorities) say we must, implying a threat of dire consequences if we don't do them
<a person> IS <some concept> The person is a very, very big name in the concept (e.g. "Irving Berlin IS American music")
Holistic (especially "Wholistic") Your normal health cures don't address the whole person (even if they do at least alleviate the symptoms)
Law of averages If things have been bad for so long, they must surely be about to improve
The statistics prove ... The particular statistics I have selected should convince you that
Transcend Bypass all your personal concerns and objections
Timeless, eternal Until circumstances change
Once in a lifetime (opportunity, trip) Something we want you to spend your money on NOW
Freedom Nobody stopping me doing what I want
Democracy Rule by representatives elected through parties with money, who try to persuade gullible voters
Peoples Democracy Rule by representatives elected from the one party approved by the ruling elite
   

Roger's Top Twenty worst classes of Bullshitters

PoliticiansSalespersons
Managers and DirectorsAdvertisers, promotion staff, public relations executives
Spokespersons (for Business or Government)Marketing executives
People in religious hierarchiesMembers of gangs, militias, juntas
Education expertsAcademics (when under pressure to publish or perish)
Pressure groups and activistsFundamentalists (especially religious)
Journalists with an axe to grindConservatives
Members of cliques or coteries, drinking matesDogmatic leftists
Leaders of fan clubs, celebrity followersTime servers (wanting to hang on to a non-job)
Fashion writersAdults - and children - faced with explaining failure or error

What do other people say about bullshit?

Here are a few other websites that address the issue.

The last two are maybe a joke, but the rest are pretty serious. It's widely recognized - especially in the USA where it is widespread - that we are in danger of drowning in our own "BS".

Can FROLIO help?

I think it can. It provides a framework for "reading between the lines". It could help you work out why and how what you are being told is bullshit.

Links

Index to more of these diatribes

FROLIO home page

Some of these links may be under construction – or re-construction.

This version updated on 9th March 2015

If you have constructive suggestions or comments, please contact the author rogertag@tpg.com.au .