FROLIO – Formalizable Relationship-Oriented Language-Insensitive Ontology

© Roger M Tagg 2009 - 2011

Welcome to FROLIO – a new attempt to merge philosophy and the "semantic web" . This website is under continuing development.

Highlights of book: How Mumbo-jumbo conquered the world  by Francis Wheen, Harper Perennial 2004, ISBN 0-00-714097-5

Introduction

These highlights are arranged in three separate lists, namely Villains, Heroes and Best Quotes. I have, as will be obvious, made my own selection and my best interpretation of Wheen's thinking.

In this first list, the entries are instances where Wheen felt that the person (or group) named had indulged in Mumbo-jumbo (for whatever purposes, political or personal). "BS" here stands for Bullshit".

Wheen Villain Page Fallacy/BS Category Wheen's Accusation
Coalition Against Civilisation 8 Turning clock back Even the rise of agriculture has distanced us from nature, and creates differences that enable some people to impose their way on others
Jeane Kirkpatrick 12 Double standards Justified Reagan in supporting right-wing totalitarian regimes, but not left-wing regimes, totalitarian or otherwise
Arthur Laffer 18 Pseudo science / rationalism Claimed reducing tax rates would inevitably lead to more government revenue
Ronald Reagan 20 Confused fact with fantasy Said he'd been present at the liberation of Nazi death camps
Ronald Reagan 123 Confused fact with fantasy Checked every major decision with a Californian astrologer (Joan Quigley)
Margaret Thatcher 25 Double standards Claimed the credit for defeating the miners' strike, while at the same time advocating government non-interference, saying it was all up to Coal Board management
Margaret Thatcher 182 Double standards Encouraged Afghan resistance fighter Abdul Haq despite his confession to not caring about killing women and children, at the same time as castigating Irish terrorists
Margaret Thatcher 208 Selective blindness Said there was no such thing as society, only individuals and families, not considering the good that people do for each other
Margaret Thatcher 234 Double standards Supported Pinochet, despite his brutal military dictatorship - and his regime proving that a market economy doesn't mean no government intervention
Tom Peters 62 Guru's hubris Claimed to understand "excellence" but the companies he thought abysmal did better than those he thought excellent
Francis Fukuyama 67 Selective blindness Claimed the end of history, i.e. the end of mankind's ideological evolution, ignoring Naziism, Communism and two world wars as insignificant
Samuel Huntington 73 Selective blindness Clash of civilisations, with arbitrary boundaries, ignoring clashes within nations
Michel Foucault 84 Double standards Despite deploring grand narratives, and supporting relativism, admired Khomeini's Iranian theocracy, despite its suppression of all dissent
Gilles Deleuze 87 Pseudo science / rationalism Incomprehensible pseudo-logical argument
Luce Irigaray 88 Pseudo science / rationalism Denounced Einstein's e=mc2 as a "sexed equation"
Jacques Lacan 88 Pseudo science / rationalism Proposed nonsense mathematics to justify deconstructionism
Julia Kristeva 94 Pseudo science / rationalism Referred erroneously to mathematics which she did not understand
Paul de Man 96 Pseudo science / rationalism Having previously written anti-semitic material, tried to exonerate himself and other anti-semites by saying we can't judge whether past events were fact or fiction
David Irving 97 Selective blindness Claimed "No Jews were gassed in Auschwitz" - despite lots of evidence
Paul Feyerabend 102 Selective blindness Claimed that science and reason were just as much a matter of choice as myth and religion - again regarding evidence as unimportant
George W Bush 104 Double standards Attacked relativists for saying nothing is right or wrong, true or false, but said the jury is still out on Darwinian evolution
Al Gore 194-5 Confused fact with fantasy Made up heart-rending but untrue personal emotional experiences
Al Gore 197 Double standards Accepted campaign money from the tobacco lobby, but peddled sob stories about suffering caused by tobacco-based lung cancer
Wm Jennings Bryan 109 Sidestep to emotion issue Depicted the defence in the Scopes trial as wanting to "try revealed religion"
HL Mencken 111 Selective blindness Claimed popularity of bunkum was only to be expected of the lower orders - despite the evidence that many in the higher orders were just as susceptible
Tony Blair 114 Double standards Warned against a "retreat into a culture of unreason", at the same time advocating creationism as an alternative to Darwinian evolution as "good for choice"
Tony Blair 165 Selective blindness After 9-11 claimed that religion was the solution, not the problem, as Jews, Christians and Muslims are all "children of Abraham"
Jodi Dean 116 Selective blindness "Argument, thought by some to be an important part of the process of democracy, is futile, perhaps because democracy can bring about Holocaust"
Cherie Blair 129-30 Double standards Professed devout Catholicism, at the same time dabbling in multiple New Age cults and practices
Samuel Hahnemann 134 Pseudo science / rationalism Advocated the "law of infinitesimals" - despite no evidence and failure in all tests
Joachim of Fiore 150 Pseudo science / rationalism Found a concealed message in the Book of Revelation, claiming the culmination of history would happen between 1200 and 1260 - of course it didn't
Michael Drosnin 152 Pseudo science / rationalism Said that a hidden code in the Bible predicted every event in history - The UK's Daily Mail ran a series on it - but it failed to predict the death of Princess Diana, and quickly pulled the series afterwards
Christopher Hill 155 Selective blindness Praised English 1650s extreme cults advocating violence to achieve the millennium; deplored them being referred to as a "lunatic fringe" as they may be saner than society
Eric Hobsbawm 155 Confused fact with fantasy Thought that the modern version of millenarian sects could be justified as helping the path to communism, but most were ultra conservative
Joan W Anderson 156 Confused fact with fantasy Brought angels into explanations of real-life events, but claimed that they would only help those who obeyed the law (presumably US law)
HC Moolenburgh 157 Confused fact with fantasy Welfare state takes away our incentive to pray; if we prayed, God would send his servants to supply our needs
Pat Robertson 161 Double standards TV evangelist who funded corrupt and totalitarian dictators if they happened to profess an approved Christian sect
Pat Buchanan 162 Selective blindness Named Kissinger and others as Jews acting in US as Israel's agents in encouraging support for the Gulf War, but omitted to name any non-Jewish hawks
Pat Buchanan 163 Double standards Strongly supported Ayatollah's fatwa against Salman Rushdie rather than freedom of expression - justifying murder in the name of fundamentalism
James Bucher 170 Scapegoat / bogeyman tactic Tried to work up emotional antipathy to Japan after the fall of the Iron Curtain
Douglas Hurd 177 Double standards Preferred an uneven killing field in Bosnia in which one side would get slaughtered, rather than a balance of arms that might have brought a stand-off
Jerry Falwell 161 Confused fact with fantasy "Whoever stands against Israel stands against God" - justified by predicting that at the millennium all Jews would convert to Christianity
Jerry Falwell 183 Selective blindness Said that carnage on 9-11 was God's wrath at pagans, abortionists, lesbians, secularisers - Pat Robertson agreed
Alasdair Macintyre 186 Selective blindness Thinks the Enlightenment has been a catastrophe, and we would be better off going back to Middle Ages style monaticism
John Gray 187 Selective blindness Thinks the Enlightenment has been a catastrophe, and we would be better off going for oriental mysticism (but he keeps changing his mind)
Theodor Adorno & Mark Horkheimer 191 Selective blindness Claimed that the Enlightenment was the cause of genocidal tyranny, based on many false premises
Ali McGraw 199 Confused fact with fantasy Claimed to be a recovering alcoholic but was probably just angling for publicity to raise her flagging profile
Rupert Murdoch 231 Double standards Described his media empire as freedom's greatest messenger, but kowtowed to Chinese censorship, including ditching Chris Patten's memoirs
William Rees Mogg 232-3 Double standards Eulogised Jiang Zemin's humanity and respect for religious beliefs, despite a recent report on severe Chinese violations of religious freedom, not to mention Falun Gong
Thomas L Friedman 240-1 Selective blindness Only rule is "one dollar one vote" and US should use the military to support the "hidden hand" of the global market
John Pilger 249 Selective blindness Condemned UN peacekeepers in East Timor as villainous imperialists despite Jose Ramos Horta winning a Nobel peace prize
Kirkpatrick Sale 249 Selective blindness ++ Uses IT to air his view that computers bring unmitigated disaster, because they enable things to be done faster
Henry Blodget 269 Double standards In 1999 wrote "the Internet bubble is riding on rock-solid fundamentals", exhorting clients to buy shares while privately describing them as rubbish
Charles Leadbeater 271-2 Confused fact with fantasy Wrote 'Living on Thin Air' extolling the "weightless economy" (i.e. nothing physical supporting share prices) - not long before the dotcom crash
Robert Merton 273 Confused fact with fantasy Insisted that speculative markets were not too volatile, won a Nobel prize for a method of valuing derivatives, but his hedge fund was nearly ruined by speculative instability
Kenneth Lay 282 Selective blindness Admired discredited "innovative and aggressive" derivatives traders and bought politicians who would support the deregulation that allowed Enron to make its ill gotten gains
Jeffrey Skilling 283 Selective blindness Would go on selling a product even after he knew it had fatal side-effects
Gary Hamel 282 Confused fact with fantasy Thought Enron had "institutionalised a capacity for perpetual innovation", rather than, as it turned out, bribing politicians and bending the rules
Antonio Negri 288 Double standards Denied that "terrorism" existed, as it was a "crude conception and terminological reduction that is rooted in a police mentality" - preferred Soviets and Nazis
Thierry Meyssan 299 Confused fact with fantasy Claimed 9-11 was orchestrated by US right-wingers to persuade Bush to increase defence spending
Noam Chomsky 300-3 Selective blindness ++ Frequently uses the tactic of not answering the question and finding some other issue, usually barely comparable, to throw the question back on the questioner
Abu Musab 304-5 Selective blindness Western leaders who claim they want to defend reason, democracy and tolerance are in effect anti-Islam, because good Muslims don't believe in these things
Edward Heath 306 Selective blindness Used "Chinese people have different religious beliefs" to justify not allowing them democratic voting
Abu al-A'la al Mawdudi 308 Selective blindness Said "there can be no reconciliation between Islam and democracy, even on minor issues"
Sayyid Qutb and Yusuf al Qaradawi 309 Double standards Equate "God's rule" with authoritarian obedience to self-perpetuating oligarchy of human vested interests, therefore democracy is anathema

The second table lists people who, in Wheen's opinion, made a good effort in exposing and countering Mumbo-jumbo.

Wheen Hero Page The BS  in question What they did or said to debunk it
Roger Scruton 7 The vogue for "counter-Enlightenment" The counter-revolution puts our entire tradition of learning into question. But this guy is no saint - see this news article.
Jimmy Carter 11 US support for totalitarian right-wing regimes Made future US aid dependent on a country's human rights record
Ryszard Kupuscinski 10 That Iranian citizens really wanted Islamic fundamentalism Iranian revolution was due to confusion and degradation, and offered a return to an earlier paradise
Gita Mehta 48 Glib self-absorbed self-improvement mantras Technique for defeating irony is to reduce everything to the banal
Roger Kimball 68 "End of history" claims, particularly Fukuyama's Any theory which regards World War II as a momentary wrinkle on the path of freedom needs serious re-thinking
Amartya Sen 75 The myth that international problems are just a "clash of cultures" Amplification of one distinctive identity can convert one of many co-existing dividing lines into an explosive and confrontational division
Barbara Ehrenreich 82 The PoMo view that one interpretation is just as good as any another Her own school-age children were marked down for not enclosing the word reality in quotes
Barbara Ehrenreich 95 Many people who prefer the simple but untrue story Observed that many people do subscribe to socially constructed realities which are observably not true
Terry Eagleton 83 The idea that PoMo was a constructive advance Suggested that PoMo's subverting the structure of language arose from failure of the 1968 uprisings to dislodge traditional structures
Terry Eagleton 86 The idea that PoMo is any better or more enduring In pulling the rug from under traditional cultures, it pulls the rug from its own tenets
Andrew Bulhak 86 PoMo was much more than atonal noise Developed a computerised PoMo essay generator
Peter Medawar 87 PoMo was much more than atonal noise Debunked a writer who said that PoMo ideas are most appropriately expressed in prose that is deliberately unclear
Alan Sokal 90 PoMo was much more than atonal noise Had a spoof paper accepted and published in 'Social Text' magazine
Richard Evans 97-8 Whether Auschwitz happened or not is just a matter of opinion There is much more evidence that Auschwitz did happen than it didn't
Jean Bricmont 101 Facts are facts for all time Fact actually means 'accepted fact' - a fact can always be questioned, and maybe replaced, as the consensus of observers evolves
Salman Rushdie 105 The "jury is out" on modern interpretations of our environment In one pan of the scales is all the painstakingly accumulated learning of the human race; in the other, the Book of Genesis
HL Mencken 105 The "jury is out" on modern interpretations of our environment The Tennesseans who opposed the teaching of Darwinism were not more stupid, they were just less well informed
Bill Graves (Kansas Governor, Rep) 112 The "jury is out" on modern interpretations of our environment The Kansas government's decision to give equal weight to teaching creationism minimized the credibility of the education board
Richard Dawkins 140 Fiction where superstition or bias is favoured is only entertainment Repetition of fiction with a certain bias is not neutral in its effect on what readers and viewers come to think
Andy Price Watts et al 146 Fiction where superstition or bias is favoured is only entertainment Produced a widely-believed spoof film purporting to show US medics anatomizing extra-terrestrials from 1947 Roswell incident
Richard Hofstadter 150 Fiction where superstition or bias is favoured is only entertainment Artists and authors appeal to peoples' natural paranoia, i.e. that there is some secret agency or conspiracy against their well-being
Dwight D Eisenhower 172 It's OK to leave everything to market forces Warned US to guard against acquisition of unwarranted influence by the military-industrial complex
Wendy Kaminer 185 Anything is OK as long as one is passionate and single-minded The only proof offered for a fantastic belief is the passion it inspires
Robert Darnton 191-2 Human rights considerations owe nothing to the enlightenment Enlightenment is to adopt an intellectual position that will serve when lines are drawn and one's back is to the wall
Mark Steyn 197-8 It's honest to bypass thought and appeal to emotion only Debunked Al Gore's deliberate cringe-making stories and homesy delivery
Edgar A Levenson 203 There can be one correct form of emotional reaction to things Asked if people grieving "as if it were their own life" over the death of Diana was really the only allowable reaction
David Hume 207 Mass pouring of emotion doesn't happen; it's private The passions are so contagious that they pass with the greatest facility from one person to another
Euan Ferguson 208 Showing emotion is a private matter Said it was an "orgy of narcissistic emoting" - people do it to show off
Elizabeth Wilson 209 An orgy of emotion can only be a good thing Said that it privileged the value of feelings (good) over reason, justice and equality (bad); and gets used as a diversion from other problems
Benjamin Barber 231 Globalization is consistent with democracy The two dominant forces in the modern world are tribalism and globalism. Neither needs (or promotes) democracy
Harvey Cox 235 The Global Market is the ultimate reality - because we (the authorities) say so To question the omniscience of The Market is to question the inscrutable wisdom of Providence (said ironically)
Mark Weisbrot 244 Free market fundamentalism is the only way Derided tycoons who praise the beauty of competition but work tirelessly for a monopoly or, failing that, a cartel
Mark Weisbrot 261 Two decades of liberalization brought great benefits to the world It didn’t bring growth; and anyhow, growth isn't everything, but that's all the IMF etc promised to deliver
Joseph Stiglitz 246 The US economy thrives because it has the least state intervention In fact, the US government laid the economic foundations for growth, and still intervenes to prop things up
Martin Wolf 258 Economic progress is limited by barriers Markets are not as integrated as they were in some previous stages of history. Globalization is not predestined, but chosen
Charles Mackay 262 Nations and governments behave rationally Men … think in herds; they go mad in herds, while they only recover their senses slowly, one by one
Robert Shiller 273 Efficient markets theory and Leadbeater's weightless economy The validity of efficient markets theory was undermined by the volatility of share prices, which bore no relation to actual dividends
Paul Krugman 277 Passion for markets - people who "don't get it" are useless Circular logic - if you don't believe, there's something wrong with you - typical of extreme religious and political sects
Jonathan Weil 284 One can fool all the people all of the time, as Enron hoped to do Enron announced gains, but close analysis didn't support it; the accounting was simply fraudulent
Michael Walzer 287 Liberals and leftists didn't understand why people hated the US We can make do with a little humility, an openness to heterodox ideas … and ...attend to moral as well as materialist arguments
Michael Walzer 293 Leftists should support whoever is against the US government, regardless Any overlap of interests is circumstantial and convenient, nothing more. Al Qaeda is certainly not an egalitarian movement
Ziauddin Sardar 291 The left's view that humane representations of Islam will ease the threat of Islamic fundamentalism The problems are within Islam itself; as it is practised today; it has lost its humanity … nasty and intolerant individuals … mediaeval barbarity …women inferior
Paul Berman 296 Barbaric, totalitarian regimes do it for a good reason, if on our side People believe the propaganda they are fed and dismiss evidence to the contrary as opposition-motivated
Paul Berman 305 The old idea that democracy is only suitable for some nations People used to believe it wasn't true for Catholic nations, or India
Susan Sonntag 297-8 Any one source of news can give an objective view of things Depending on which media we read or listen to, we don't hear some of the evidence. So we develop fixed ideas of who our enemy is
Hamid Enayat 309 Islam is not about human rights or democracy It is neither inordinately difficult nor illegitimate to derive a list of democratic rights and liberties … from respected Islamic sources
George Santayana 311 History is just a matter of opinion Those who cannot remember the past are destined to repeat it

The third table is a list of my favourite quotations from the book.

Page Thought or Quote (from Wheen himself if not otherwise indicated)
? "It's getting easier to fool most of the people most of the time"
6 "Knowledge is Power" - so the choice is, spread it or limit it?
7 Leaders of the counter-enlightenment - "an incongruous coalition - post-modernists and primitivists, New Age and Old Testament"
7 "The sleep of reason brings forth monsters"
7 "Proliferation of obscurantist bunkum"
10 (The Iranian 1979 revolution) "goes back to a past that seems a lost paradise"
18 Trickle down theory is old and discredited; supply side economics is really just the same thing
21 "Social Darwinism" - natural selection in economic market
22 Conservatives don't put the clock back - Reagan and Thatcher were neo-liberals (laissez-faire)
26 True conservatism "defends traditional values against the raw, atomising effects of the market economy"
32 "We were undone by our own folly, and our delusions of grandeur. The gods were waiting to destroy us, and first they infected us with a peculiar and virulent form of madness" - a reflection on the 1929 crash, could have been 1987 too
33 "Leverage works just as powerfully in reverse" - as happened in in 1987 and 1929
34 " … familiar portents of disaster, swaggering hubris, speculative dementia, unsupportable debt … and compelling vested interest in prolonging financial insanity" - mostly JK Galbraith, on 1987
35 "Against the madness of crowds, the very gods themselves contend in vain" - F von Schiller
53 "The ultimate benchmarking exercise is war" - Pentagon official
56 " … internal markets, which in turn created blizzards of paperwork and extra layers of bureaucracy" - 1980s and 1990s management consultancy mania in Britain
60-2 British resistance to tycoons - "we suspect they wear their socks in bed and snore" - examples Slater, Ronson, Maxwell, Ratner, Smurfit, Ashcroft, Gunn
67 " But he (Fukuyama) understood what was needed to titillate the jaded palate of the chattering classes: simplify, then exaggerate"
81 "Deconstruction, which began as a heresy, soon turned into a dogma, and hardened into a theology, sustained by a network of evangelists and high priests and inquisitors" - an academic sympathetic to Derrida
83 "Meaning was neither a private experience nor a divinely ordained occurrence: it was the product of certain shared systems of signification" - Eagleton
83 "Reality was not reflected by language but produced by it: it was a particular way of carving up the world which was deeply dependent on the sign-systems we had at our command, or more precisely which had us at theirs" - Eagleton
84 (PoMo's) "refusal to acknowledge the legitimacy of value-judgements led to a free-floating relativism that could celebrate both American pop culture and medieval superstition without a qualm"
98 "Such criticisms (about lack of evidence, sources overlooked etc) cannot demonstrate the superiority of one interpretation or story-type over another. … These debates over evidence are largely diversionary" - PoMo journal article
102 "The sole purpose of rationality was 'to lend class to the general drive towards monotony', whereas relativism endorsed 'the phenomenon of cultural variety' " - quoting Feyerabend
111 "A partiality to bunkum is not confined to the lower orders"
115 "The enfeebling legacy of Postmodernism - a paralysis of reason, a refusal to observe any qualitative difference between reasonable hypothesis and swirling hogwash"
120 The reason for obsession with catastrophes in Los Angeles: "proneness to earthquakes and a proven market in sensational books" - not to mention the influence of the film industry
124 "Astrology was entirely consonant with Reaganism"
128 " … ominous and widening gap between scientists' assessment of various risks and the popular perception of those risks" - quoting John Allen Paulos, in regard to the odds of winning in a National Lottery
132-4 Unreasoning hope in alternative cures - alternative effectively means there is no evidence for its effectiveness. There's great reluctance of alternative therapies to undergoing any testing
147 Bullshitters exhort us to "keep an open mind". But "if you open your mind too much, your brain may fall out" - Daily Telegraph
172 "There are powerful interests in the US which do require a constant supply of threats and villains - sometimes real, but often exaggerated or simply invented"
193 "The new irrationalism is an expression of despair by people who feel impotent to improve their lives and who suspect that they are at the mercy of secretive impersonal forces" (+ opportunist book authors pandering to their instincts?)
208 "Keep grieving" (UK Sun, over Diana) = maybe "stop thinking"?
211 " … no spectacle as ridiculous as the British public in one of its periodical fits of morality - Macaulay
214 "We are all Keynsians now" - Nixon; "We are all Thatcherites now" - Peter Mandelson (UK New Labour guru)
218 Tony Blair - "intelligent blandness"
221 " … with too many freedoms and not enough responsibilities, decadent Westerners could no longer tell right from wrong and were wallowing in rampant moral confusion and social anarchy" - referring to Etzioni and Buchmanite MRA
224 "What was the Third Way? No one ever knew, but it was somewhere between the Second Coming and the Fourth Dimension" - Giddens book became a sacred text for Blairites
231 "Neither Jihad nor McWorld need democracy" - viz Singapore, Hong Kong, Chile under Pinochet
238 "Globalisation emerges from below (acc to TL Friedman) - it passes power to the consumer, not to the nation's government. It's one dollar, one vote"
244 The US, via the IMF, skews the playing field by forcing developing countries to follow US rules, e.g. on Intellectual Property, no Government intervention. Yet the US vastly subsidises its agriculture - and it built the Internet
259 "Market fundamentalism is 'a new global imperialism' " - quoting a reformed George Soros
267 "Pass the parcel" stock market culture
270 "New paradigm" (Thomas Kuhn) - applied as unanswerable puff for any mad idea, particularly in stock markets
282 "People use the word "guru" because "charlatan" is too long - Peter Drucker
291 "There is no compulsion in religion" - Prophet Mohammed
291 Absence of Koranic authority for Sharia law, or subjugation of women
295 We tend to fall back on judging everything by our own limited and traditional views - liberals are just as bad in finding excuses for tyrannical dictators who are on their side and not that of their nation's current government
304 Islam does not believe in democracy, freedom, tolerance or reason - it's all about submission to God
307 "Cross pollination of cultures is fruitful and inescapable"
308 The Enlightenment was triggered by the Arabs rescuing Aristotle's work and bringing it to Europe via Spain
309 Modern Arab philosophers claim that their views are God-given, and brand those that don't agree as heretics
309 "Subject opinion to coercion, and who will you make your inquisitors? Fallible men, men governed by bad passions. And why? To produce uniformity? Millions have been burnt, tortured … yet we have not advanced one inch" - Jefferson
310 Inserting Jesus Christ into the Virginia constitution … was rejected by a great majority … " in proof that they meant to comprehend the Jew and the Gentile, the Christian and the Mohammedan, the Hindoo and Infidel of every denomination"
311 "Those that … strive to discredit the rationalism that makes such enlightenment possible, whether they be holy warriors, anti-scientific relativists, economic fundamentalists, radical PoMos, New Age mystics" etc - condemn us to a dark age

Links

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Some of these links may be under construction – or re-construction.

This version updated on 13th January 2011

If you have constructive suggestions or comments, please contact the author rogertag@tpg.com.au .