The History of the "Business With
Disease"
“From the website of the Dr Rath
Health Foundation”
 |
"Compared
to the reality of the drug industry, my book reads
like a vacation post card"
John Le Carre, Author |
The most powerful
German economic corporate emporium in the first half of
this century was the Interessengemeinschaft Farben or IG
Farben, for short. Interessengemeinschaft stands for
"Association of Common Interests" and was nothing other
than a powerful cartel of BASF, Bayer, Hoechst, and other
German chemical and pharmaceutical companies. IG Farben
was the single largest donor to the election campaign of
Adolph Hitler. One year before Hitler seized power, IG
Farben donated 400,000 marks to Hitler and his Nazi party.
Accordingly, after Hitler's seizure of power, IG Farben
was the single largest profiteer of the German conquest of
the world, the Second World War.
Read About:
 |
Zyklon-B, an extermination gas produced by
Hoechst, was used to kill millions of innocent
people, before their corpses were burnt
|
|
One hundred percent of all
explosives and one hundred percent of all synthetic
gasoline came from the factories of IG Farben. Whenever
the German Wehrmacht conquered another country, IG Farben
followed, systematically taking over the industries of
those countries. Through this close collaboration
with Hitler's Wehrmacht, IG Farben participated
in the plunder of Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Norway,
Holland, Belgium, France and all other countries conquered
by the Nazis.
The U.S. government
investigation of the factors that led to the Second World
War in 1946 came to the conclusion that without IG
Farben the Second World War would simply not have been
possible. We have to come to grips with the fact
that it was not a psychopath, Adolph Hitler, or bad genes
of the German people that brought about the Second World
War. Economic greed by companies like Bayer, BASF
and Hoechst was the key factor in bringing about the
Holocaust.
No one who saw Steven
Spielberg's film "Schindler's List" will forget the scenes
in the concentration camp Auschwitz.
After the First World War,
all the major chemical concerns were merged in 1926 into a
single gigantic trust - the I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. -
under the leadership of Carl Duisberg and Carl Bosch.
Dyestuffs, pharmaceuticals, photographic supplies,
explosives, and a myriad of other products poured forth in
ever-growing volume and variety.
Soon after the election of
July, 1932, in which the Nazis had doubled their vote,
Heinrich Buetefisch [chief of the I.G. Farben - Leuna
plant] and Heinrich Gattineau [a Farben official who was
also an SA officer and personally known to both Rudolf
Hess and Ernst Roehm]. waited upon the Fuehrer-to-be to
learn whether Farben could count on governmental support
for its synthetic gasoline program in the event the Nazis
should attain power. Hitler readily agreed that Farben
should be given the necessary support to warrant expansion
of the Leuna plant.
After the seizure of power,
Farben lost no time in following up this auspicious
introduction. Significantly, Farben's chosen channel was
not the Heeresleitung but Hermann Goering's new Air
Ministry. In a long letter to Goering's deputy Erhard
Milch, Carl Krauch of Farben outlined a "four-year plan"
for the expansion of synthetic fuel output. Milch
thereupon called in Generalleutnant von Vollard Bockelberg,
Chief of the Army Ordnance Office, and it was agreed that
the Army and the Air Ministry together would sponsor the
Krauch project. A few months later Farben received a
formal Reich contract calling for the enlargement of Leuna
so that production would reach three hundred thousand tons
per year by 1937, with Farben's sales guaranteed for ten
years - until June 30, 1944 - on a cost-plus basis.
1941: I.G. Farben's "friendship"
with the SS helps to increase the speed of
construction of Auschwitz-Buna against the resistance
"of some little bureaucrats".
A letter from Dr. Otto Ambros to the Director of I.G.
Farben Frankfurt, Fritz ter Meer |
 |
On
March 1, 1941, the Reichsführer of the SS,
Heinrich Himmler, inspected the construction site
|
|
Auschwitz was the largest
mass extermination factory in human history, but the
concentration camp was only the appendix.
The main project was IG
Auschwitz, a 100% subsidiary of IG Farben, the largest
industrial complex of the world for manufacturing
synthetic gasoline and rubber for the conquest of Europe.
On April 14, 1941, in
Ludwigshafen, Otto Armbrust, the IG Farben board member
responsible for the Auschwitz project, stated to his IG
Farben board colleagues, "our new friendship with
the SS is a blessing. We have determined all measures
integrating the concentration camps to benefit our
company."
The pharmaceutical
departments of the IG Farben cartel used the victims of
the concentration camps in their own way: thousands of
them died during human experiments such as the testing of
new and unknown vaccines.
There was no retirement
plan for the prisoners of IG Auschwitz. Those who were too
weak or too sick to work were selected at the main gate of
the IG Auschwitz factory and sent to the gas chambers.
Even the chemical gas Zyklon-B used for the annihilation
of millions of people was derived from the drawing boards
and factories of IG Farben.
The map of Auschwitz (above)
speaks for itself. The size of the IG Auschwitz plant
(red area) was larger than all Auschwitz concentration
camps (blue area) taken together. |
Top
Scientific experiments were
also done in other concentration camps. A decisive fact is
that IG employee SS major Dr. med. Helmuth Vetter,
stationed in several concentration camps, participated in
these experiments by order of Bayer Leverkusen.
At the same time as Dr.
Joseph Mengele, he experimented in Auschwitz with
medications that were designated "B-1012", B-1034", "3382"
or "Rutenol". The test preparations were not just applied
to those prisoners who were ill, but also to healthy ones.
These people were first infected on purpose through pills,
powdered substances, injections or enemas. Many of the
medications caused the victims to vomit or have bloody
diarrhoea. In most cases the prisoners died as a result of
the experiments.
In the Auschwitz files
correspondence was discovered between the camp commander
and Bayer Leverkusen. It dealt with the sale of 150 female
prisoners for experimental purposes: "With a view to the
planned experiments with a new sleep-inducing drug we
would appreciate it if you could place a number of
prisoners at our disposal (…)" – "We confirm your
response, but consider the price of 200 RM per woman to be
too high. We propose to pay no more than 170 RM per woman.
If this is acceptable to you, the women will be placed in
our possession. We need some 150 women (…)" – "We confirm
your approval of the agreement. Please prepare for us 150
women in the best health possible (…)" – "Received the
order for 150 women. Despite their macerated condition
they were considered satisfactory. We will keep you
informed of the developments regarding the experiments
(…)" – "The experiments were performed. All test persons
died. We will contact you shortly about a new shipment
(…)"
A former Auschwitz prisoner
testified: "There was a large ward of tuberculars on block
20. The Bayer Company sent medications in unmarked and
unnamed ampoules. The tuberculars were injected with this.
These unfortunate people were never killed in the gas
chambers. One only had to wait for them to die, which did
not take long (…) 150 Jewish women that had been bought
from the camp attendant by Bayer, (…) served for
experiments with unknown hormonal preparations."
Parallel to the tests by
Behringwerke and Bayer Leverkusen the
chemical-pharmaceutical and serologic-bacteriological
department at Hoechst started experimenting on Auschwitz
prisoners with their new typhus fever preparation “3582”.
The first series of tests had results that were far from
satisfactory. Of the 50 test persons 15 died; the typhus
fever drug led to vomiting and exhaustion. Part of the
concentration camp Auschwitz was quarantined, which led to
an extension of the tests to the concentration camp in
Buchenwald. In the journal of the "department for typhus
fever and viral research of the concentration camp
Buchenwald" we find on January 10th, 1943: "As suggested
by the IG Farbenindustrie A.G. the following were tested
as typhus fever medications: a) preparation 3582 <Akridin>
of the chem. pharm. and sero-bact. Department Hoechst –
Prof. Lautenschläger and Dr. Weber – (therapeutic test A),
b) methylene blue, formerly tested on mice by Prof.
Kiekuth, Elberfeld (therapeutic test M)."
The first and also the
second series of therapeutic tests, held in Buchenwald
between March 31st and April 11th 1943, had negative
results due to insufficient contamination of the tested
prisoners. Neither did the experiments in Auschwitz have
evident successes.
The scientific value of all
these experiments, whether ordered by the IG Farben or
not, was in fact zero. The test persons were in bad
physical condition, caused by forced labor, insufficient
and wrong nutrition and diseases in the concentration
camp. Add to this the generally bad sanitary circumstances
in the laboratories. "The test results in the
concentration camps, as the IG laboratory specialists
should know, could not be compared to results made under
normal circumstances".
The SS physician Dr. Hoven
testified to this during the Nuremberg Trial: "It should
be generally known, and especially in German scientific
circles, that the SS did not have notable scientists at
its disposal. It is clear that the experiments in the
concentration camps with IG preparations only took place
in the interests of the IG, which strived by all means to
determine the effectiveness of these preparations. They
let the SS deal with the – shall I say – dirty work in the
concentration camps. It was not the IG’s intention to
bring any of this out in the open, but rather to put up a
smoke screen around the experiments so that (…) they could
keep any profits to themselves. Not the SS but the IG took
the initiative for the concentration camp experiments."
A letter from 1944 in which I.G.
Farben orders an "energic punishment" for a slave
laborer in Auschwitz-Monowitz. |
The Nuremberg War Criminal
Tribunal convicted 24 IG Farben board members and
executives on the basis of mass murder, slavery and other
crimes against humanity. Amazingly however, by 1951 all of
them had already been released, continuing to consult with
German corporations. The Nuremberg Tribunal dissolved the
IG Farben into Bayer, Hoechst, and BASF.
Top
Today each of the three
daughters of the IG Farben is 20 times as big as the IG
Farben mother was at its height in 1944, the last year of
the Second World War.
More importantly, for
almost three decades after the Second World War, BASF,
Bayer and Hoechst (now Aventis) each filled its highest
position, chairman of the board, with former members of
the Nazi, NSDAP:
- Carl Wurster,
chairman of the board of BASF until 1974 was, during the
war, on the board of the company manufacturing Zyklon-B
gas
- Carl Winnacker,
chairman of the board of Hoechst until the late 70's,
was a member of the Sturm Abteilung (SA) and was a
member of the board of IG Farben
- Curt Hansen,
chairman of the board of Bayer until the late 70's, was
co-organizer of the conquest of Europe in the department
of "acquisition of raw materials." Under this leadership
the IG Farben daughters, BASF, Bayer, and Hoechst,
continued to support politicians representing their
interests.
During the 50's and 60's
they invested in the political career of a young
representative from a suburb of the BASF town of
Ludwigshafen, his name: Helmut Kohl.
From 1957 to 1967 the young
Helmut Kohl was a paid lobbyist of the "Verband Chemischer
Industrie," the central lobby organization of the German
pharmaceutical and chemical cartel. Thus, the German
chemical and pharmaceutical industry built up one of its
own as a political representative, leaving the German
people with only the choice of final approval.
 |
Nuremberg War Tribunal 1946/47:
24 managers of Hoechst, Bayer and BASF were
indicted for mass murder, slavery and other crimes
against humanity.
|
|
The result is well known:
Helmut Kohl was chancellor of Germany for 16 years and the
German pharmaceutical and chemical industry became the
world’s leading exporter of chemical products, with
subsidiaries in over 150 countries, more than IG Farben
ever had. Several billion people will now die prematurely,
if the pharmaceutical industry gets its way. Germany is
the only country in the entire world in which a former
paid lobbyist for the chemical and pharmaceutical cartel
was head of the government. In summary, the support of
German politics for the global expansion plans of the
German pharmaceutical and chemical companies has a
100-year-old tradition.
It is with this background that we
understand the support of Bonn for the unethical plans of
the Codex Commission. (Remark
made by the Dr. Rath Health Foundation)
The U.S. lead prosecutor in
the Nuremberg War Criminal Tribunal against the IG Farben
anticipated this development when he said, "these IG
Farben criminals, not the lunatic Nazi fanatics, are the
main war criminals. If the guilt of these criminals is not
brought to daylight and if they are not punished, they
will represent a much greater threat to the future peace
of the world than Hitler if he were still alive."
Fritz ter Meer (1884-1967)
- Member of the IG FARBEN
executive committee 1926-1945, member of the working
committee and the technical committee, director of
section II.
-
- 1943 plenipotentiary for
Italy of the Reich Minister for armaments and war
production, military economist chief industrialist
responsible for Auschwitz.
-
- 1948 found guilty of
"plundering" and "enslavement" and condemned to seven
years detention. Released 1952.
-
- 1955 board member of
Bayer
-
- 1956-1964 chairman of
the board of Bayer chairman of the board of Th.
Goldschmidt AG, deputy chairman of the board of
Commerzbank bank association AG, board member of the
Waggonfabrik Uerdingen, the Duesseldorfer waggonfabrik
AG, the bank association West Germany AG and the United
Industrial enterprises AG (VIAG)
Otto Ambros (1901-):
- Member of the IG FARBEN
executive committee 1938-1945, member of the chemical
committee and chairman of commission K (agents), special
advisors of Krauchs F+E department for the four-year
plan, director of the special committee C (chemical
agents), the main committee for powders and explosives
in the office for arms, military industrial leader
- Responsible for choice
of location, planning, building and running of IG
Auschwitz as operations manager. Managing director of
the Buna-Works and synthetic fuel production
- 1945 knight's cross
Distinguished Service Cross
- 1948 found guilty of
"enslavement" condemned to eight years detention.
- Released 1952.
- Starting from 1954
chairman, deputy chairmen and member of the boards of:
Chemie Grünenthal, Pintsch Bamag AG, Knoll AG, Feldmühle
Papier- und Zellstoffwerke, Telefunken GmbH, Grünzweig &
Hartmann, Internationale Galalithgesellschaft, Berliner
Handelsgesellschaft, Süddeutsche Kalkstickstoffwerke,
Vereinigte Industrieunternehmungen (VIAG) with its
daughter enterprises Scholven-Chemie and Phenol-Chemie
as an advisor to F. K. Flickund of the US Industrialist
J.P. Grace is entangled in the early eighties in the
"Flick scandal"
Hermann Schmitz
(1881-1960)
- Member of the IG FARBEN
executive committee 1926-1935, chairman of the board
1935-1945 and "chief of finances" to the IG
- Military industrial
leader, member of the Nazi party (NSDAP)
- 1941 war Distinguished
Service Cross 1st. Class
- 1948 found guilty of
"plundering" condemned to four years prison.
- Released 1950.
- 1952 board member of the
German bank Berlin West
- 1956 honorary chairman
of the board of Rheini steel plants.
Top
Fritz Gajewski (1888-1962)
- Member of the IG FARBEN
executive committee 1931-1945, leader of section III
(coordination with Dynamite Nobel)
- At Nuremberg, found "not
guiltily" for all charges
- 1949 managing director,
1952 chairman of the board of Dynamite Nobel AG
- 1953 Distinguished
Service Cross of the Federal Republic of Germany
- 1957 retirement,
honorary chairman of the board of Dynamite Nobel AG,
chairman of the board of Genschow & Co. and the
Chemie-Verwaltungs AG, board member of Huels AG and the
Gelsenkirchener mines
Heinrich Buetefisch
(1894-1969)
- Member of the IG FARBEN
executive committee 1934-1945, deputy director of
section I, director of gasoline synthesis for IG
Auschwitz
- 1932 (together with
Gattineau) had the conversation with Hitler, that
defined the petrol pact, 1936 co-worker of Krauch on the
four year plan as a production representative for Öl in
the Arms Ministry
- SS Obersturmbannführer,
military industrial leader, awarded the "friend of the
Reich leader SS" cross.
- 1948 found guilty of
"enslavement" condemned to six years detention.
- Released 1951.
- 1952 supervisory board
member of Ruhr-Chemie and Kohle-Öl-Chemie among others.
- 1964 Distinguished
Service Cross of the Federal Republic of Germany. The
award was taken back after 16 days due to the violent
protests
Friedrich Jaehne
(1879-1965)
- Member of the IG FARBEN
executive committee 1934-1945, chief engineer of the IG,
deputy director of the BG central Rhine/Maingau
- 1943 military industrial
leader, Distinguished Service Cross 1st. Class 1948
found guilty of "plundering" condemned to 18 months
detention
- 1955 supervisory board
member of the "new" Farbwerke Hoechst. In the same year
elevated to supervisory board chairman elect – Karl
Winnacker said "in the meantime the liquidation
conclusion law had been issued and freed us from all
discriminating regulations. So we could add Friedrich
Jaehne, chief engineer of the old IG, to the supervisory
board. He presided over this committee until 1963. None
of us would have thought in 1945 that we would come to
such a co-operation".
- Supervisory board
chairman of the Alfreds Messer GmbH (late Messer
Griesheim), supervisory board member with Linde
- 1959 Dr. Ing. E.h. of TH
Munich, 1962 Bayer service medal, honorary senator of TH
Munich, Distinguished Service Cross of the Federal
Republic of Germany
Carl Krauch (1887-1968)
- Member of the IG FARBEN
executive committee 1926-1940, chairman of the board
1940-1945, director of the coordination center W,
director of the Reich office for economics,
plenipotentiary for special questions on chemical
production, military industrial leader.
- 1943 knight's cross for
distinguished service.
- 1948 found guilty of
"enslavement" and condemned to six years prison.
- Released 1950.
- 1955 board member of
Huels GmbH.
- In the Frankfurt 1956
Auschwitz court case is quoted as saying: "they were
usually anti-social elements so called political
prisoners" (describing the prisoners of Auschwitz-Monowitz)
Carl Wurster (1900-1974)
- Member of the IG FARBEN
executive committee 1938-1945, director of BG upperRhine,
board member of DEGESCH
- Military industrial
leader and Reich calculation chamber of economics
- 1945 knight's cross
Distinguished Service Cross
- At Nuremberg, found "not
guiltily" of all charges
- 1952 chairman of the
board of the "new" BASF, chairman of the board for
Duisburger Kupferhuette and Robert Bosch AG, board
member of Augusts Viktoria, the Buna-Werke Huels GmbH,
the Süddeutschen Bank, Deutschen Bank, Vereinigten
Glanzstoff, BBC, Allianz, Degussa, 1965 retirement as
chairman of the board of BASF
- 1952 honorary professor
of the University of Heidelberg, Dr. rer. RK h.c. the
University of Tübingen, 1953 Dr. Ing. E.h. of the TH
Munich, 1955 Distinguished Service Cross of the Federal
Republic of Germany, Bayer service medal, 1960 Dr. rer.
pole h.c. the University of Mannheim, honorary senator
of the Universities of Mainz, Karlsruhe and Tübingen,
honorary citizen of the University of Stuttgart, honour
citizen of the city of Ludwigshafen, 1967 Schiller prize
of the city of Mannheim, president of the federation of
the chemical industry, vice-president of the Max-Planck
company, the company of German chemists.
Top
 |
The
entrance of the Auschwitz Concentration Camp
|
|
Just fifteen years after they were
convicted in the Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal, Bayer,
BASF and Hoechst were again the architects of the next
major human rights offences. In 1962, they established the
Codex Alimentarius Commission.
(Remark
made by the Dr. Rath Health Foundation)
This dark period of German
history is inextricably bound to one man, Fritz ter Meer:
- He was a member of the
Managing Board of IG Farben from its inception to its
dissolution. As the Wartime Manager, he was responsible
for IG Auschwitz.
- In the Nuremberg
Tribunal, ter Meer stated: "Forced labor did not inflict
any remarkable injury, pain, or suffering on the
detainees, particularly since the alternative for these
workers would have been death."
- In 1948, ter Meer was
sentenced by the Nuremberg Tribunal to seven years in
prison for plundering and slavery.
- In 1952, his sentence
was commuted, due to the influence of powerful friends.
- From 1956-1964, he was
reinstated as a member of the Managing Board of Bayer
AG.
- In
1962, ter Meer was one of the architects of the "Codex
Alimentarius" - Commission and one of the main designers
of the schemes that would profit from human suffering.
(Remark made by the Dr. Rath Health
Foundation)
The deceptive title "Codex
Alimentarius" is no accident. It was devised by the same
firms and indeed the same individuals, who gave the
Auschwitz concentration camp inmates the deceptive slogan
"Arbeit mach frei" ("Work makes you free").
(Remark
made by the Dr. Rath Health Foundation)
As long as the Nazi
infection continues to work its influence and threaten the
lives of untold millions, no German has the right to
proclaim that the Nazi era is finished.
The Crime And Punishment
of I.G. Farben
by Joseph Borkin
From 1938 to 1946, Joseph
Borkin was the chief of the Patent and Cartel section of
the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice in
Washington, and was responsible for the wartime
investigation and prosecution of the cartels dominated by
I. G. Farben.
During the war, he
published Germany's Master Plan which led the Associated
Press to say: "Joseph Borkin probably knows more about I.
G. than anyone outside of it".
Since 1946, Mr Borkin has
practised Law in Washington and he has written numerous
books and articles. He is chairman of the Federal Bar
Association's Committee on Standards and Judicial
Behaviour, a lecturer in the Catholic University Law
School, and Director of the Drew Pearson Foundation.
Thy Will Be Done
by Gerard Colby and Charlotte Dennett
The Conquest of The
Amazon:
Nelson Rockefeller And Evangelism In The Age of Oil
In this triumph of
investigative journalism, Colby and Dennett show how
Nelson Rockefeller and the largest American missionary
organization worked with the U.S. and foreign governments
to secure resources and "pacify" indigenous peoples in the
name of democracy, corporate profit and religion,
resulting in massacres and genocide.
"This is a rich and
fascinating book on a significant and heartbreaking
subject, the work of American religion, business,
politics, and wars in the eradication and mass murder of
the native peoples of the Amazon rain forest. Based on
eighteen years of research in numerous archives, nearly
two hundred interviews, and a bibliograhy twenty pages
long, it is probably the definitive study for the region
it covers. I know of no other book like it. Clean and
moving in its attention to human details, of perpetrators,
unwitting collaborators, and victims, it is a powerful
argument and story that anyone concerned with might,
right, and the innocent should read." — John Womack, Jr.,
Professor of History, Harvard University
Sword and Swastika
by Telford Taylor
As chief of counsel for the
prosecution of war criminals at Nuremberg, Brigadier
General Telford Taylor had a major part in unraveling the
tangled knot of guilt for the launching of the war, and
for the concomitant atrocities of the Nazi era.
In his book, Mr. Taylor
takes advantage of his profound knowledge of the Third
Reich and of the roles of the German officer class, the
industry and the Nazis.
Rockefeller Medicine Men -
Medicine & Capitalism in America
by E. Richard Brown
When Rockefeller Medicine
Men was first published in 1979, it proved to be a
controversial work. In reviewing histories of medicine
from 1962 to 1982, Ronald L. Numbers called it "the most
controversial medical history of the past decade".
Part of the controversy
generated by the book comes from its social-historical
approach to medicine. The growing body of social histories
of health-care challenges the "great physician"
perspective that for so long has dominated the history of
medicine.
In his book, E. Richard
Brown describes the political economy of health care,
integrating material from a variety of disciplines -
economics, sociology, political science, epidemiology,
history and social policy
Auschwitz Chronicle 1939 -
1945
by Danuta Czech
Auschwitz represents the
apex of evil; as such, if we can never understand why it
existed, we can at least know how. Most documents
concerning Auschwitz and its annexes, Birkenau and
Monowitz, were destroyed by the Nazis as the Allies
advanced at the close of the war, yet much survived to be
collected into the archives of the Official Auschwitz
Museum, including: more than 3,500 eyewitness accounts by
former prisoners; original camp documents that detail
transport and admissions lists; written orders from the
commandant; orders for laboratory experiments; hundreds of
original secret messages - pleas for food and help in
escape attempts - smuggled out by prisoners; financial
records; building and maintenance files; and information
brought out at postwar trials.
Auschwitz Chronicle, a
collection of these documents, is a monumental reference
that records - day by day, month by month - the events and
developments of the concentration camp for its planning in
the winter of 1939-40 to its liberation in January 1945:
the construction, operation, and eventual destruction of
gas chambers and crematoriums; the transports and
selections; the infamous medical "experiments"; the visits
and inspections by SS leaders, physicians, and the Red
Cross; the secret resistance activities; and the
all-too-infrequent revolts and escapes.
Danuta Czech is the former
head of the research department of the Official Auschwitz
Museum where, in 1955, she began the work that culminates
in the Auschwitz Chronicle. Born in Poland in 1922, she
was an active member of resistance in the Tarnow region
during World War II.
Auschwitz: 1270 to the
Present
by Debórah Dwork and Robert Jan van Pelt
No symbol of the Holocaust
is more profound than Auschwitz. Yet the sheer, erushing
number of murders - over 1,200,000 of them - the
overwhelming scale of the crime, and the vast, abandoned
site of ruined chimneys and rusting barbed wire isolate
Auschwitz from us.
How could an ordinary town
become a site of such terror? Why was this particular town
chosen? Who conceived, ereated, and constructed the camp?
This unprecedented history reveals how an unmarkable
Polish village was transformed into a killing field. Using
architechtural designs and planning documents recently
discovered in Poland and Russia and over 200
illustrations, the definitive "Auschwitz: 1270 to the
Present" traces the successive stages of how Auschwitz
became the focus of a Germanized Poland and the epicenter
of the Final Solution.
More
Literature can be found here...
Top
|
