Here I give my answers to questions such as did Jesus claim to be God? Did he claim to be the son of God? Also my thoughts on what the difference is. All Scripture quotations are from the New International Version; © 1973, 1978, 1984 The International Bible Society; of the bible except where otherwise noted.

God commands unique worship:

Exodus 20:1-5; 34:14; Deuteronomy 4:15-20; 8:19; 11:16; 30:17f.; 1 Kings 9:6; 12:30; 2 Kings 17:35f.; 2 Chronicles 7:19f.; Psalms 81:9; 97:7; Isaiah 2:8f., 20; 46:5-9; Jeremiah 13:10; 25:6; 44:19-22; Daniel 3:10-18, 28; Micah 5:13; Zephaniah 1:4f.; John 4:23f.; Revelation 9:20; 14:7-11.

From Jesus' own mouth:

Matthew 4:10 Jesus said to him, Away from me, Satan! For it is written: Worship the Lord your God, and serve him only.

Luke 4:8 Jesus answered, It is written: Worship the Lord your God and serve him only.

Angels refuse worship:

Revelation 19:10 At this I fell at his feet to worship him. But he said to me, Do not do it! I am a fellow servant with you and with your brothers who hold to the testimony of Jesus. Worship God! For the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy.

Revelation 22:8f.

I, John, am the one who heard and saw these things. And when I had heard and seen them, I fell down to worship at the feet of the angel who had been showing them to me. 9 But he said to me, Do not do it! I am a fellow servant with you and with your brothers the prophets and of all who keep the words of this book. Worship God!

In fact they don't like people falling down before them:

Daniel 8:17f.

As he came near the place where I was standing, I was terrified and fell prostrate. Son of man, he said to me, understand that the vision concerns the time of the end.
18 While he was speaking to me, I was in a deep sleep, with my face to the ground. Then he touched me and raised me to my feet.

Daniel 10:9-11

Then I heard him speaking, and as I listened to him, I fell into a deep sleep, my face to the ground.
10 A hand touched me and set me trembling on my hands and knees. 11 He said, Daniel, you who are highly esteemed, consider carefully the words I am about to speak to you, and stand up, for I have now been sent to you. And when he said this to me, I stood up trembling.

Jesus accepts worship:

Matthew 14:33 Then those who were in the boat worshiped him, saying, Truly you are the Son of God.

Matthew 28:9 Suddenly Jesus met them. Greetings, he said. They came to him, clasped his feet and worshiped him.

Matthew 28:17 When they saw him, they worshiped him; but some doubted.

Mark 5:6 But when he saw Jesus afar off, he ran and worshipped him, (KJV)

Luke 24:52 Then they worshiped him and returned to Jerusalem with great joy.

John 9:38 Then the man said, Lord, I believe, and he worshiped him.

Angels are commanded to worship Jesus:

Hebrews 1:6

Jesus accepts testimony that he is God and the Son of God:

Matthew 8:29 What do you want with us, Son of God? they shouted. Have you come here to torture us before the appointed time?

cf. Mark 1:24 and Luke 4:34

Matthew 14:33 Then those who were in the boat worshiped him, saying, Truly you are the Son of God.

Matthew 16:16f.

Simon Peter answered, You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.
17 Jesus replied, Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah, for this was not revealed to you by man, but by my Father in heaven.

Mark 3:11f. Whenever the evil spirits saw him, they fell down before him and cried out, You are the Son of God. 12 But he gave them strict orders not to tell who he was.

Mark 5:7 He shouted at the top of his voice, What do you want with me, Jesus, Son of the Most High God? Swear to God that you won't torture me!.

Luke 4:41 Moreover, demons came out of many people, shouting, You are the Son of God! But he rebuked them and would not allow them to speak, because they knew he was the Christ.

Luke 8:28 When he saw Jesus, he cried out and fell at his feet, shouting at the top of his voice, What do you want with me, Jesus, Son of the Most High God? I beg you, don't torture me!

Luke 9:20

But what about you? he asked. Who do you say I am?
Peter answered, The Christ of God.

John 1:34-36

I have seen and I testify that this is the Son of God.
35 The next day John was there again with two of his disciples. 36 When he saw Jesus passing by, he said, Look, the Lamb of God!

John 1:49f.

Then Nathanael declared, Rabbi, you are the Son of God; you are the King of Israel.
50 Jesus said, You believe because I told you I saw you under the fig tree. You shall see greater things than that.

John 6:69f.

We believe and know that you are the Holy One of God.
70 Then Jesus replied, Have I not chosen you, the Twelve? Yet one of you is a devil!

John 9:35-38

Jesus heard that they had thrown him out, and when he found him, he said, Do you believe in the Son of Man?
36 Who is he, sir? the man asked. Tell me so that I may believe in him.
37 Jesus said, You have now seen him; in fact, he is the one speaking with you.
38 Then the man said, Lord, I believe, and he worshiped him.

John 11:27 Yes, Lord, she told him, I believe that you are the Christ, the Son of God, who was to come into the world.

John 16:30f.

Now we can see that you know all things and that you do not even need to have anyone ask you questions. This makes us believe that you came from God.
31 You believe at last! Jesus answered.

John 20:28f.

Thomas said to him, My Lord and my God!
29 Then Jesus told him, Because you have seen me, you have believed; blessed are those who have not seen and yet have believed.

Jesus' testimony about himself:

John 1:51 He then added, I tell you the truth, you shall see heaven open, and the angels of God ascending and descending on the Son of Man.

John 3:13-18

No one has ever gone into heaven except the one who came from heaven-the Son of Man. 14 Just as Moses lifted up the snake in the desert, so the Son of Man must be lifted up, 15 that everyone who believes in him may have eternal life.
16 For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life. 17 For God did not send his Son into the world to condemn the world, but to save the world through him. 18 Whoever believes in him is not condemned, but whoever does not believe stands condemned already because he has not believed in the name of God's one and only Son.

John 5:17-30

Jesus said to them, My Father is always at his work to this very day, and I, too, am working. 18 For this reason the Jews tried all the harder to kill him; not only was he breaking the Sabbath, but he was even calling God his own Father, making himself equal with God.
19 Jesus gave them this answer:
I tell you the truth, the Son can do nothing by himself; he can do only what he sees his Father doing, because whatever the Father does the Son also does. 20 For the Father loves the Son and shows him all he does. Yes, to your amazement he will show him even greater things than these. 21 For just as the Father raises the dead and gives them life, even so the Son gives life to whom he is pleased to give it. 22 Moreover, the Father judges no one, but has entrusted all judgment to the Son, 23 that all may honour the Son just as they honour the Father. He who does not honour the Son does not honour the Father, who sent him.
24 I tell you the truth, whoever hears my word and believes him who sent me has eternal life and will not be condemned; he has crossed over from death to life. 25 I tell you the truth, a time is coming and has now come when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God and those who hear will live. 26 For as the Father has life in himself, so he has granted the Son to have life in himself. 27 And he has given him authority to judge because he is the Son of Man.
28 Do not be amazed at this, for a time is coming when all who are in their graves will hear his voice 29 and come out--those who have done good will rise to live, and those who have done evil will rise to be condemned. 30 By myself I can do nothing; I judge only as I hear, and my judgment is just, for I seek not to please myself but him who sent me.

John 6:46 No one has seen the Father except the one who is from God; only he has seen the Father.

cf. John 5:17-6:65

John 8:23-29

But he continued, You are from below; I am from above. You are of this world; I am not of this world. 24 I told you that you would die in your sins; if you do not believe that I am the one I claim to be, you will indeed die in your sins.
25 Who are you? they asked.
Just what I have been claiming all along, Jesus replied. 26 I have much to say in judgment of you. But he who sent me is reliable, and what I have heard from him I tell the world.

John 8:27-29 They did not understand that he was telling them about his Father. 28 So Jesus said, When you have lifted up the Son of Man, then you will know that I am the one I claim to be and that I do nothing on my own but speak just what the Father has taught me. 29 The one who sent me is with me; he has not left me alone, for I always do what pleases him.

John 8:58 I tell you the truth, Jesus answered, before Abraham was born, I am!

cf. John 8:23-59

John 9:35-37

Jesus heard that they had thrown him out, and when he found him, he said, Do you believe in the Son of Man?
36 Who is he, sir? the man asked. Tell me so that I may believe in him.
37 Jesus said, You have now seen him; in fact, he is the one speaking with you.

John 10:29f. My Father, who has given them to me, is greater than all; no one can snatch them out of my Father's hand. 30 I and the Father are one.

John 10:36-38 what about the one whom the Father set apart as his very own and sent into the world? Why then do you accuse me of blasphemy because I said, I am God's Son? 37 Do not believe me unless I do what my Father does. 38 But if I do it, even though you do not believe me, believe the miracles, that you may know and understand that the Father is in me, and I in the Father.

John 13:31f. When he was gone, Jesus said, Now is the Son of Man glorified and God is glorified in him. 32 If God is glorified in him, God will glorify the Son in himself, and will glorify him at once.

John 16:27f. No, the Father himself loves you because you have loved me and have believed that I came from God. 28 I came from the Father and entered the world; now I am leaving the world and going back to the Father.

John 17:1-5

After Jesus said this, he looked toward heaven and prayed:
Father, the time has come. Glorify your Son, that your Son may glorify you. 2 For you granted him authority over all people that he might give eternal life to all those you have given him. 3 Now this is eternal life: that they may know you, the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom you have sent. 4 I have brought you glory on earth by completing the work you gave me to do. 5 And now, Father, glorify me in your presence with the glory I had with you before the world began.

John 20:17 Jesus said, Do not hold on to me, for I have not yet returned to the Father. Go instead to my brothers and tell them, I am returning to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God.

What's the difference between the son of God and God?

Short answer - I don't know. However here are a few thoughts on the subject matter:

Jesus claimed a unique relationship with God as God's son that he allowed us to enter into after his cruxifion, death and resurrection. Hence (emphasis mine):

John 20:17 Jesus said, Do not hold on to me, for I have not yet returned to the Father. Go instead to my brothers and tell them, I am returning to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God.

which he says after his resurrection and never before it.

One thing we inherit is God's character, which he works in us by his spirit.

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