Samuel Eva and Elizabeth Caddy

Family of Samuel and Elizabeth

Samuel Eva and Elizabeth Caddy were married in Wendron on 19/1/1824. It seems likely that this couple were the parents of the following children, who were baptized in Wendron on the dates indicated:

• Samuel, 28/3/1824;
• Elizabeth, 5/3/1826;
• Cherry, 21/4/1831 (aged 2);
• Mary, 16/12/1830;
• Joseph, 3/3/1833;
• Ann, 11/5/1834 (died July 1834);
• Ann, 27/9/1835;
• Eliza, 1/10/1837;
• Josiah, 27/12/1840.

Josiah's birth was registered in the Helston district (which includes Wendron) in the December quarter of 1840. Although census information (see below) would seem to suggest that Eliza was born before civil registration of births began (in the second half of 1837), the birth of an Eliza Eva was registered in the Helston district in the December quarter of 1837.

Some time between 1841 and 1845 the family moved to Altarnun, where another child was born:

• Richard Caddy, 9/11/1845.

Richard Caddy Eva also shows up in the civil registrations in the December quarter of 1845, in the Launceston district. An 1851 census record (see below) confirms that he was a brother of Mary, Eliza and Josiah, and an 1841 census record (see below) indicates that Mary, Eliza and Josiah were siblings of Ann and Samuel. So I am confident that all the children listed above belonged to the same family. Moreover, the fact that the youngest child was given the name Caddy as a second christian name surely confirms that his mother's maiden name was Caddy. So the parents Samuel and Elizabeth are definitely the couple that were married in January 1824, despite the fact that eldest child was born within about two months of the marriage.

I believe that the Elizabeth Caddy who married Samuel Eva was the daughter of Richard and Elizabeth Caddy. She was was baptized on 22/8/1802 in Wendron.

Samuel Eva was the son of Joseph and Ann Eva; he was baptized on 10/6/1800 in Wendron.

Providing a possible source of confusion, there was also a Samuel Eva baptized in Crowan on 23/4/1805. This Samuel's father was Nathaniel Eva, son of Nicholas and Martha, baptized in Wendron on 4/11/1759. Nathaniel Eva married Rachel Hill in Wendron on 24/3/1788; they had children named Mary (baptized 21/9/1788 in Wendron), William Hill (baptized 3/4/1795 in Crowan), James (baptized 10/8/1798 in Crowan), Elizabeth (baptized 13/12/1800 in Sithney), William (baptized 25/9/1803 in Wendron) and Samuel. Samuel married Eliza James on 21/9/1834 in Breage, and lived in Breage thereafter. Our principal interest lies with Samuel and Elizabeth of Wendron, not to be confused with Samuel and Eliza of Breage.

The 1841 census information relating to the household of Samuel and Elizabeth Eva is as follows.

Carthew, Wendron Parish:
Name	Sex	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Samuel Eva	M	40	Copper Miner	Cornwall
Elizabeth Eva	F	35		Cornwall
Samuel Eva	M	15	Copper Miner	Cornwall
Mary Eva	F	10		Cornwall
Ann Eva	F	5		Cornwall
Eliza Eva	F	4		Cornwall
Josiah Eva	M	10m		Cornwall
Mathew Simon	M	12	Lodger	Cornwall

It is my guess that the son Joseph had died before 1841. A 1 year old Josiah Eva was buried in Wendron on 26/5/1833, and there does not seem to be any matching Wendron baptism. Perhaps Joseph baptized on 3/3/1833 was actually Josiah, or perhaps Josiah buried on 26/5/1833 was actually Joseph.

At first I thought that Cherry (born 1828) must also have died, because I could not find her in the 1841 census. But I was fooled by the name: "Cherry" is really "Charity". At the 1841 census 13 year old Charity Eva was a servant in the household of shopkeeper named Cecilia Symons and her three children (William (6), Mary (3) and Albert (4m)) at Herland, in Breage. Moreover, on 1/5/1847 a minor named Charity Eva, daughter of Samuel, married Thomas French at Altarnun. The marriage record says that Thomas resided at Davidstow and was the son of William French, a farmer. Charity's residence is given as Joll's Ground, which provides additional confirmation that she is who I think she is, since the 1851 census record for her father's household (see below) shows that the family were indeed living at Joll's Ground, Altarnun Parish. Moreover, the 1851 census return for the household of Thomas and Charity French gives Charity's age as 22 and her birthplace as Gwendron, which also ties in.

Since the 1841 census data mentioned above has a boy named Mathew Simon living in an Eva household and a girl named Charity Eva living in a Symons household, I wondered if there was a genealogical connection between the Evas and the Symonses. The answer is probably not. The curious can click here to reveal the things I discovered about Cecilia Symons.

Elizabeth Eva, the daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth born in 1826, was also missing from her parents' household in 1841. Apparently she too was working as a servant somewhere. In fact there are three 15 year old house servants named Elizabeth Eva that can be found in the 1841 Cornwall census data: one in the household of Stephen Lean, a mine agent of Camborne; one in the household of William Coombe, a miller of Camborne; one in the household of Richard Rosewarne, a farmer of Phillack. Rosewarne's household also includes a 20 year old servant called Mary Eva, who may have been a sister of his Elizabeth Eva, in which case our Elizabeth Eva would have to be one of the ones in Camborne. I cannot find any way to distinguish between them.

Elizabeth Eva married Joseph Phillips in Altarnun on 29/1/1848. The marriage record confirms that Elizabeth's father's name was Samuel and that her residence before marriage was Joll's Ground. We also find that Joseph was a miner, and his father – another Joseph Phillips – a mine agent. The witnesses to the marriage were Thomas French – Elizabeth's brother-in-law, no doubt – and Samuel Eva.

The 1851 census information for the household of Samuel and Elizabeth Eva is as follows.

Jolls Ground, Altarnun Parish:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Samuel Eva	Head	M	50	Miner	Wendron, Cornwall
Betsy Eva	Wife	M	48		Wendron, Cornwall
Mary Eva	Dau	U	20		Wendron, Cornwall
Eliza Eva	Dau		13		Wendron, Cornwall
Josiah Eva	Son		10	Scholar	Wendron, Cornwall
Richard C Eva	Son		5		Altarnun, Cornwall

At the time of the 1851 census the daughter Ann (born 1835) was a house servant at Higher Scarsick, Trenegloss Parish, in the employ of a farmer named George Chapman. I believe she can be identified with the Ann Eva who married Thomas Worden in Linkinhorne on 19/12/1854 and then went to Australia. The parish register record of the marriage says that the bride was 19 years old and the daughter of a Samuel Eva, and I can find no other Ann Eva daughter of Samuel born at the right time. Furthermore, FamilySearch.org now has an image of the parish register page on which the marriage of Ann and Thomas is recorded, and it shows that one of the witnesses was Joseph M. Phillips, no doubt the husband of Ann's sister Elizabeth. We also see that at the time of her marriage Ann was living in Henwood, which is in Linkinhorne parish. Perhaps her parents were living in Henwood at this time.

Like his parents, Samuel Eva the younger was living in Altarnun in 1851. He was a tin miner at his time, lodging in the household of a carpenter named Richard Whale. Samuel married Jane Reed in the Redruth district in the September quarter of 1852. Later census records show that Jane was born in Wendron; her age is given as 36 in 1861, 47 in 1871, 55 in 1881. Thus I think it is more likely that she was the daughter of William and Ann Reed baptized on 15/6/1823 rather than the daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth Reed baptized on 25/12/1822. We can surely identify this latter Jane with the 28 year old unmarried Jane Read who at the census of 1851 was in the household of her parents Joseph and Elizabeth Read at Halwin, Wendron. In the other censuses Joseph's name is given as Reed rather than Read. Joseph, who was a wheelwright, was the father of the Elizabeth Reed who married Joseph Eva (cousin of Samuel the younger and son of Ephraim Eva son of Joseph and Ann Eva). The Jane who was baptized on 15/6/1823, who I think is probably the one that married Samuel Eva, can surely be identified with the 27 year old unmarried Jane Reed who in 1851 was in a household at Gregwartha, Wendron, containing eight siblings, with Jane's 25 year old brother William listed as the Head. The 1841 census for the same Reed family shows that the parents were indeed named William and Ann. A William Reed had married an Ann Richards in Wendron on 11/12/1819; baptism records listed in the I.G.I. and in the COPC database indicate that they had 12 children: Elizabeth (31/3/1820), Ann (26/2/1822), Jane (15/6/1823), William (10/4/1825), Nicholas (2/4/1827), John (24/8/1828), Elizabeth (2/11/1829), Mary (28/3/1832), Catharine (30/3/1834), John (28/4/1836), Sophia (28/3/1838), Esther (7/12/1839). (Another Wendron couple named William and Ann Reed had children named Elizabeth, John, Thomas, William and Mary Anne in the years from 1826 to 1841. At the 1841 census this Ann Reed and her children are found at Porkellis in the household of a 76 year old blacksmith named Thomas Johns.)

Mary Eva, daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth, married Edward Hodge in Wendron on 15/3/1852. The transcription on FamilySearch.org has the bride's surname as Eda, but the image of the marriage record clearly shows this to be an error: see Wendron marriages 1849–1877 image no.40. Viewing the image also reveals that Edward and his father John were both miners, and at the time of his marriage Edward lived at a place called Kenap. This enables us to find him in 1851 census records: the relevant household at Kenap, Carnmenellis, consisted of John Hodge (Innkeeper, aged 50), his wife Eliza (aged 43), son Edward (Tin miner, aged 18) and daughter Susan (aged 15). See the Joseph Eva and Ann Prisk page for more information on this family. John Hodge, as a 47 year old widower, had married Eliza Eva, spinster, on 25/3/1847, and Eliza was the sister of Mary Eva's father Samuel. Thus Eliza's stepson Edward married her niece Mary.

A Joseph Eva was one of the witnesses to the marriage of Edward Hodge and Mary Eva. This Joseph must have been Mary's cousin Joseph, son of Ephraim Eva.

Eliza Eva (baptized 1837) married Nicholas Williams on 8/5/1858 in Wendron.

In the 1861 census one can find (according to FreeCEN) a Wendron household consisting of a 65 year old widow named Elizabeth Eva and her two tin miner sons Josiah (age 22) and Richard (age 16). I think that these must be the right people, even though Richard's birthplace is given as Wendron rather than Altarnun and Elizabeth's age would really have been 58 rather than 65. It is hard to see how a transcription error can change 58 into 65, but it must have happened! Note that the 1861 census records also show a 17 year old tin miner named Richard Eva living in Breage with his 53 year old mother Eliza. These are the Breage Evas we mentioned above. In particular, Richard Henry Eva baptized on 9/7/1843 in Breage is not to be confused with Richard Caddy Eva baptized on 9/11/1845 in Altarnun.

Since Elizabeth was a widow in 1861, Samuel must have died some time between 1851 and 1861. There were only two deaths of Samuel Evas registered in Cornwall in that period: Samuel Minnett Eva died in Liskeard in the June quarter of 1858, and Samuel Eva died in Helston in the September quarter of 1860. But both of these appear in the Cornwall OPC burials database, and neither of them were our Samuel. Samuel Minnett Eva can surely be identified with Samuel Menhennet Eva who was buried on 13/4/1858, having been born in Liskeard in the December quarter of 1856, while Samuel Eva buried on 6/8/1860 in Helston was only 8 years old. So when our Samuel died remains a mystery. I have also been unable to discover when the Breage Samuel died.

Josiah Eva (born last quarter of 1840) died in Wendron in 1866 and was buried there on 13/8/1866. The Wendron burial record gives his age as 24, but the official death registration record gives it correctly as 25.

Carnmenellis marriages 1851–1900 at FamilySearch.org: see image no.167

Richard Caddy Eva married Catherine Jane Tressider in Carnmenellis on 23/11/1867. They had a son named Josiah (birth registered at Helston in the June quarter of 1868), and the family can be found in the Wendron census records from 1871 and 1881.

At the 1871 census Elizabeth Eva was living in Sithney in the household of Nicholas and Eliza Williams, her son-in-law and daughter. At the 1881 census Elizabeth was visiting Harriett Reynolds, a widow living at Illogan; as far as I can tell Elizabeth and Harriett were not related. In 1891 Elizabeth was back in Wendron, living with her daughter-in-law Catherine (widow of Richard Caddy Eva) and grandson Josiah.

The death of a 91 year old Elizabeth Eva was registered in the Helston district in the March quarter of 1894. She was buried in Wendron on 4/1/1894.

Descendants of Joseph and Elizabeth Phillips

Recall that Elizabeth Eva (born 1826) married Joseph Phillips. Here are some census records for their family.

East Moor Gate, Altarnun, 1851:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Joseph Phillips	Head	M	31	Tin Miner	Cornwall, St Austle
Elizabeth Phillips	Wife	M	25		Cornwall, Wendron
Joseph Phillips	Son		2		Altarnun, Cornwall
Sampson Hooper	Lodger	W	62	Tin Miner	Altarnun, Cornwall

New Building, St Ive, 1861:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Joseph Phillips	Head	M	41	Miner in Lead	Cornwall, St Austle
Elizabeth Phillips	Wife	M	34		Cornwall, Wendron
Joseph Eva Phillips	Son		12	Agricultural Labourer	Altarnun, Cornwall
James P Phillips	Son		9	Post Boy	Altarnun, Cornwall
William H Phillips	Son		6		Altarnun, Cornwall
Eliza A Phillips	Dau		4		Altarnun, Cornwall
Samuel E Phillips	Son		2		Altarnun, Cornwall
Mary A Phillips	Dau		5m		St Ive, Cornwall
Jane Netting	Visitor	S	16		Helston, Cornwall

Trenethnick, Wendron, 1871:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Elizabeth Phillips	Head	W	45	Miner's Widow	Cornwall, Wendron
James S M Phillips	Son	U	19	Stone Mason	Alternun, Cornwall
William Henry Phillips	Son	U	16	Miner	Linkinhourne, Cornwall
Samuel E Phillips	Son	U	12	Stamps Boy	Linkinhorne, Cornwall
Mary Amelia Phillips	Dau		10	Scholar	St Ive, Cornwall
Caroline Jane Phillips	Dau		8	Scholar	Sithney, Cornwall
Joseph Eva Phillips	Son		5	Scholar	Sithney, Cornwall

The death of Joseph Medlend Phillips, aged 50, was registered in the Helston district in the third quarter of 1870.

Since the 12 year old Joseph Eva Phillips of the 1861 census record has been replaced by a 5 year old Joseph Eva Phillips in 1871, it would be reasonable to assume that the first one died some time between 1861 and 1866. But searching Ross Bay burial records (British Columbia) reveals that a 58 year old Joseph Eva Phillips, born in Linkinhorne, Cornwall, died in Victoria BC on 30/1/1908.

I think that in the 1871 census record "Joseph Eva Phillips" should actually be "Josiah Eva Phillips". The birth of a Josiah Eva Phillips was registered in the Helston district in the June quarter of 1865. An 1881 census record shows Josiah and his mother in Camborne as boarders in the household of a 62 year old widow named Mary Ann Vial. Josiah's occupation is Tin Miner. The only other member of the houshold is a 67 year old tin miner named Joseph Bennetts.

The photo shown here originated in the studio of J. C. Burrow, a (reasonably famous) photographer of 37 & 38 Trelowarren Street, Camborne, and it found its way to Australia and the possession of a descendant of Elizabeth Phillips' sister Ann Worden (née Eva). The identities of the women are not known, but I conjecture that they might be Elizabeth Phillips and her daughters Mary Amelia and Caroline Jane. My conjectural date for the photo is 1885 (approx.).

In the 1871 census record above, "James S M Phillips" should actually be "James P M Phillips", which would then be consistent with the 1861 record. The birth of James Penplaze Medland Phillips was registered in the Launceston district in the December quarter of 1851. I do not know the reason for the name Penplaze, but Medland was the maiden name of his father's mother. A Joseph Phillips married a Mary Medland in St Austell on 1/3/1819, and Joseph Medland Phillips – the Joseph Phillips who was to marry Elizabeth Eva – was baptized in St Austell on 30/5/1820. It is interesting to observe that at the time of Joseph Medland Phillips' birth his father was apparently a farmer, but at the time of Joseph Medland Phillips' marriage he was a mine agent.

In fact familysearch.org includes baptism records for several of the children of Joseph and Elizabeth Phillips: Joseph Eva Phillips was baptized in Altarnun on 15/4/1849, James Penprarge Midland Phillips was baptized in Altarnun on 28/12/1851, William Henry Phillips was baptized in Linkinhorne on 30/7/1854, Eliza Anne Phillips was baptized in Linkinhorne on 25/12/1856, Samuel Era Phillips was baptized in Linkinhorne on 6/2/1859. In addition, the Cornwall Online Parish Clerks database has the baptism of Caroline Jane Phillips in Wendron on 7/6/1863, and the baptism of Josiah Eva Phillips in Wendron on 26/12/1865.

Joseph Eva Phillips

Joseph lived in Victoria, British Columbia. He is mentioned in several issues of the newspaper The Victoria Daily Colonist in the years between 1894 and 1908. His principal business was making head stones, although he also had a large contract involved with the construction of new parliamentary buildings; he was a member of the Conservative Party, and served a term as an alderman; in 1907 he was appointed as one of two License Commissioners in Victoria City.

The licensing bench consisted of the two commissioners and the mayor, and in July 1907 a bitter dispute erupted between his Worship and the two commissioners. There is a detailed report in the Victoria Daily Colonist of July 23rd 1907, starting on Page 2. It appears that the council had introduced a new by-law, according to which (for example) some premises that had previously had hotel licenses would now only qualify for saloon licences, restricting the hours when they could legally sell liquor. Mayor Morley made a press statement saying that at the next meeting of the bench the licences of premises not fully compliant with the by-law would be withdrawn. Annoyed that the mayor had not consulted them, the other two commisioners outvoted him, renewing all the licences, "giving the license holders a further opportunity of complying with the by-law". No doubt some licensees were in the process of converting saloons into hotels, and needed more time. My guess is that some of the licensees in question were supporters of the conservative party and that the mayor was of a different political persuasion. In any event, Joseph Phillips accused the mayor of defaming him in remarks made at a council meeting, and challenged the mayor to repeat those remarks in a press statement, giving him the chance to sue the mayor for defamation. The mayor, for his part, declared (in a council meeting!) that the two commissioners were "not fit persons for the position they hold". This is all very reminiscent of a thousand and one other disputes between opposing political parties.

The Victoria Daily Colonist, 22/12/1894 The Victoria Daily Colonist, 4/2/1896 The Victoria Daily Colonist, 10/1/1896 The Victoria Daily Colonist, 31/1/1908

The Victoria Daily Colonist, 5/4/1896 The Victoria Daily Colonist, 10/1/1896 The Victoria Daily Colonist, 2/3/1907 The Victoria Daily Colonist, 7/2/1908

Transcriptions of the 1901 census records for Victoria, BC are available online. The household of Joseph Eva Phillips can be found in Division 9, page 19 (original record and transcription available here), and the household of Albert Avard Sears, a son-in-law of Joseph Eva Phillips, can be found in Division 5, page 14 (original record and transcription available here). We discover that Joseph Eva Phillips was born on 24/3/1849, and he married Mary Ann Dalley, who was born in England on 21/3/1848. They had a daughter named Caroline Martha, born on 29/8/1872 in Stoney Creek, USA, who married Albert Sears in Victoria on 19/9/1900. They also had four sons: Joseph R. (born 29/4/1874, USA), Sydney J. (born 5/7/1885, British Columbia), Edgar (born 12/5/1887, British Columbia) and William Geo. (born 2/3/1889, British Columbia). These sons, and Joseph's wife Mary Ann, are all found in Joseph's household on census day. Joseph's brother, Josiah E. Phillips (born 29/3/1865) is also there, and we are told that he entered Canada in 1898. Josiah actually managed to get himself recorded twice in this census, since he also appears in Division 7, page 21, where he is listed among the residents of the Dominion Hotel.

Joseph's wife Mary Ann and sons Edgar Dally, Sidney James and Joseph Retallack, are all buried at Ross Bay Cemetery, their ages and dates of death being (respectively) 72 and 28/11/1919 (Mary Ann), 60 and 22/4/1947 (Edgar), 28 and 14/11/1913 (Sidney), 72 and 9/7/1946 (Joseph). Note that the genealogy remarks attached to the 1901 census record of Joseph R. Phillips household (link as above) mention a Joseph Dallas Phillips who died aged 80 and was buried at Ross Bay in 1961. It appears that someone has made a mistake, since this person could not possibly be related to our Phillips family.

Albert Avard Sears died at age 55 and was buried at Ross Bay on 6/7/1918. Caroline Martha Sears lived on to the age of 92, dying on 11/3/1965, before being buried at Ross Bay. Another Albert Avard Sears died on 21/10/1911, aged 10 years, and was also buried at Ross Bay.

Unfortunately, the fact that birth dates are given exactly in the 1901 Canadian census does not necessarily mean that they are right! In particular, I do not trust the claim that Mary Ann Dalley was born in 1848. The Ross Bay burial record suggests that Mary Ann was born in 1847, but I do not trust that either! She appears in the 1881 census of Wendron with her children Carrie and Joseph, and the census data tells us that she was born in Wendron. Her age is given as 33, meaning a birth year of 1847 or 1848, but there is no record of a Mary Ann Dalley or Dally born in Wendron in either 1847 or 1848.

It is amusing to note that the 1911 Canadian census for the Phillips household shows that Mary Ann's birth date has drifted to April 1851, Edgar's birth month has changed from May to March and William Geo's birth month has changed from March to May. Moreover, William Geo has become George W.

Here is a transcription of the 1881 English census record mentioned above.

Trenethick, Wendron, 1881:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Mary Ann Phillips	Head	M	33		Cornwall, Wendron
Carrie Phillips	Dau		8		Overseas - British - New Haven Conn
Joseph R. Phillips	Son		6		Overseas - British - Keen New Hampshire

FreeBMD shows only four Mary Dallys and no Mary Dalleys born in Cornwall between 1844 and 1852. Three of these births were registered in Helston, and two of these were Mary Anns, one in the 2nd quarter of 1844 and one in the 1st quarter of 1845. The others were a plain Mary, birth registered in the 3rd quarter of 1845, and a Mary Jane born in St Austell in 1849. Furthermore, the Cornwall OPC database includes the baptisms of two Mary Ann Dallys in Wendron in 1845, one in May and one in September. On the grounds that our Mary Ann was in Trenethick in 1881, I think it is more likely that she was the one whose parents lived in Trenethick than the one whose parents lived in Roselydden. So I conjecture that she was the daughter of Thomas and Johannah Dally baptized on 21/9/1845. It would appear that as she got older she liked to understate her age by a few years, although it is eminently possible that her birthday was indeed 21st March.

Digging a little deeper has produced confirmation of Mary Ann's parentage. The record of the marriage of her parents in St Keverne on 28/2/1838 reveals that her mother's maiden name was Joanna Retallack, thereby explaining why her eldest son came to be named Joseph Retallack Eva.

Josiah Eva Phillips

As well as appearing twice in the 1901 Canadian census, Josiah appears in the 1900 census of the USA, living in the Fourth Judicial Township, Madera, California. All three records are adamant that he was married, but his wife does not appear in any of them, and I have been unable to find out anything about her. The USA census record says that he was born in May 1865 and entered the USA in 1892, but unfortunately the "number of years married" column has been left blank. The Canadian census records say that he entered Canada in 1898. The one from his brother's household gives his birth date as 29th March 1865, but we already have seen that in that household they tended to get March and May confused. The record from the Dominion Hotel gives his birth date as 28th May 1865, and since surely Josiah himself supplied this data it is presumably reliable.

Josiah married for a second time on 30/9/1910, in Helena, Montana. His personal details as given on the marriage licence are totally consistent with everything we have discovered so far. He was divorced, 45 years old, born in Cornwall, the son of Joseph Phillips and Elizabeth Eva. His wife was Mrs Sarah A Wells, who was also divorced. She was 38, born in St Louis Missouri, the daughter of John Hirst and Mary McMeins.

Unfortunately, I have not been able to trace either Josiah or Sarah any further.

James P. M. Phillips

James Penprase Medland Phillips married Frances Ann Rowe in Sithney on 5/2/1874. The birth of their daughter Winifred was registered in the Helston district in the March quarter of 1875. At the 1881 census we find Frances Ann Phillips and her children Winifred (age 6) and Joseph J (age 2) in the household of Frances' 62 year old widowed mother Frances Rowe, on Church Street Helston. (Incidentally, FreeCEN's transcription the 1871 census record for Frances Rowe's household gives the surname as "Rawe". Frances' maiden name was Tremellin, she was baptized on 16/3/1819, and married a miller named James Rowe in the last quarter of 1844. He died in 1869.) In the 1881 census record Frances Phillips' age is given as 29 and her occupation as Sculptor's Wife. Her sister Bessie, a 22 year old Grocer's Shop Assistant, is also in the household. The census record also tells us that Joseph J Phillips' was born in California. No doubt his father was still in California; perhaps Frances had brought the children back to England to meet their grandmother. There is an 1880 US census record of a household in Lake City, Modoc, California, consisting of three English born miners: J E Phillips (age 31), James P M Phillips (age 28) and William Wallington (age 28). It certainly would seem that the J E Phillips here was Joseph Eva Phillips. Perhaps his wife and children were back in England at this time.

The USA census of 1900 shows James P. M. Phillips and family living in San Francisco, on 19th Street. Unfortunately, the details relating to three of the household members are smudged and almost completely illegible, but the entry for James himself is reasonably legible. It gives his occupation as "Contractor (stone)", says that he was born in England in November 1851, and gives 1871 as the year of his immigration. The first of the illegible entries must relate to James' wife, and one piece of information that is legible is that she was the mother of four children, all of whom were still living. Her immigration year is given as 1877. The next two entries relate to children whose names appear to be Joseph and Jessie. I cannot read Joseph's occupation; Jessie's was "at school", and her birth date was July 1884. The other members of the household are listed at the top of the next page: a daughter named Edith R (born in California in October 1889), James' sister-in-law Bessie Rowe (born November 1858, immigrated 1898), James' eldest daughter Winifred Hyland (born December 1874, immigrated in 1877), and Flora Hyland (James' grand-daughter, aged 11 months). Flora's father was born in Canada, but I have not discovered anything else about him.

The 1920 census shows Frances Phillips as a widow, living in San Francisco with her daughters Edith Phillips and Winifred Hyland, and Winifred's daughters Flora and Helen. In the 1930 census there is a household consisting of Edith R. Phillips and Winnie Hyland only. The 1920 household of Joseph J Phillips includes his wife, Lulu A (aged 35, born in San Francisco), son Lloyd B (aged 7), mother-in-law Henrietta Becker (widow, aged 62, born in New York), and aunt Bessie Rowe. The 1930 household of Joseph J Phillips contains Louise A Phillips (born 1882), Lloyd B Phillips (born 1913), Marie Eyre (born 1877) and Bessie Rowe (born 1859).

The California death index provides some further information, as well as confirmation of facts we already know. Winifred Hyland died on 11/10/1941 and was born on 19/12/1874, her father's surname was Phillips and her mother's maiden surname was Rowe. Joseph James Phillips died on 20/9/1956 and was born on 3/5/1878, his father's surname was Phillips and his mother's maiden surname was Rowe. Edith Rowe Phillips died on 22/12/1980 and was born on 5/12/1889, her mother's maiden name was Rowe. Louise Amelia Phillips died on 21/8/1949 and was born on 16/8/1881, her father's surname was Becker and her mother's maiden surname was Asmus. Marie B Eyre died on 14/11/1964 and was born on 10/12/1875, her mother's maiden name was Asmus. Lloyd B Phillips died on 8/5/1970 and was born on 7/10/1912.

William Henry Phillips

I have not been able to discover much about William Henry Phillips (baptized 30/7/1854). Given that his brothers Joseph, James and Josiah all went to America, it would be no surprise if William did too. In the 1900 US census returns for Colville Reservation, Ferry County, Washington, there is a record of a person who is probably our man: William H. Phillips, a miner, born in England in July 1854. It is perhaps worth noting that Sheba Reed Eva, a second cousin of our William Henry Phillips, was also at Colville Reservation in 1900. (See the Joseph and Ann Eva page for further information about Sheba.) The census record indicates that William had been resident in the USA for 28 years, having immigrated in 1872. I cannot read or interpret the letters appearing in brackets after "miner" in the "Occupation" column: it could be "ow" (for out of work?), but there are other possibilities too. The next column shows that William had been unemployed for 5 months. The mark in the "Whether, single, married, widowed or divorced" column looks like a D, and 12 is entered in the "Number of years married" column.

There is an intriguing possibility that William Henry Phillips' divorced wife was the Annie Phillips who married Sheba Eva in 1903. The 1900 US census record for the Annie who later married Sheba tells us that she had four Phillips children: Mary E., Winne F. E., Joseph W. and Sheba L., with birth dates of January 1889, January 1891, August 1892 and November 1894 respectively. (She also had a son named George Carter, from the first of her three marriages.) A biography of Sheba R. Eva in "A History of North Washington" tells us that the name of Annie's second daughter was Winefred E. Phillips, not Winne F. E. Phillips. The 1900 census record says that the eldest daughter, Mary, was born in Canada, and FamilySearch.org has a birth record for Mary Elizabeth Phillips, which shows that she was born in British Columbia on 22/1/1889, and her father's name was William Henry Phillips. A 1910 US census record shows that by that time Annie's youngest daughter was using the name Leone rather than Sheba, presumably so that there would not be two Shebas in the same household. A record of the death of Leone Phillips on 23/9/1925 confirms that her father's name was William Henry Phillips. (It also gives her age at death as 30 years, 9 months and 23 days, meaning a birth date of 31/12/1894, but I prefer to trust the 1900 census (which said November 1894). The "Find a Grave" website has memorials for Leone Phillips and her mother Annie Eva. I have no further information on Leone's siblings.

Mary Amelia Phillips

I have not been able to positively identify Mary Amelia Phillips – the daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth born in St Ive – in 1881 census records. The best matching 1891 census record that I have found relates to a Mary A Phillips who was boarding in Mayfair, in the St George Hanover Square registration district. She was aged 28, born in "St Eves" Cornwall.

Mary was a professional nurse, one of six living at 56 South Malton Street. There were two further members of the household: a housekeeper and a general servant.

A marriage between Mary Amelia Phillips and Arthur Nicholls March was registered in the Edmonton district in the third quarter of 1891. There is a 1901 census record that gives the age of Mary A March as 39 and her birthplace as St Eve, Cornwall. She was living in Beckenham, Kent (in the Bromley registration district). The corresponding 1901 census data for Arthur N March gives his age as 45 and his birthplace as Bishops Stortford, Herts.

On purchasing an image of the relevant census page I discovered that the household of Arthur and Mary did not include any children. Arthur's 21 year old nephew Arthur Glasscock was staying with them, and there were two servants in the household. Arthur's occupation was "Mantle Manufacturers' Agent"; he was not an employee, but working on his own account. His nephew was a Stock-brokers' Clerk.

I have not obtained a copy of the 1911 census record of Arthur Nicholls March's household, but it seems that the household does not include Mary. I have not been able to find anything about her after 1900.

An 1855 baptism record indicates that Arthur's parents were named William and Jane.

The death of Arthur N March was registered in the Bromley district in the 3rd quarter of 1936.

Caroline Jane Phillips

There is an 1881 census record of a household at 79 New North Road, Shoreditch, Middlesex, consisting of the following people: a 31 year old surgeon named Charles Arthur Low (head of household, born in Wimbourne, Dorset), his 31 year old wife Amelia (born in Holborn, Middlesex), their 6 year old son Arthur Leopold Low (born in Middlesex), a 30 year old dispenser named Thomas Jenkins (born in Wales, assistant to Charles Low), a 23 year old medical student named Elijah Woodman (boarder, born in Bristol) and a 17 year old domestic servant named Caroline Phillips, who was born in Wendron.

There is an 1891 census record of a 27 year old servant named Caroline J Phillips, who was born in Wendron, living in Dulwich, Camberwell. Her occupation is listed as "Medical and Surgical Nurse".

The marriage of Caroline Jane Phillips and Charles Henry Gough was registered in the Marylebone district in the first quarter of 1892.

At the 1901 census Charles and Caroline Gough turn up in Chepping Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. We find that Charles Gough was 70 years old, born in Islington, London. And Caroline Gough was 38, born in Wendron. So when they married she was 28 and he was about 60.

I purchased an image of the census page and found that Charles and Caroline were the only two in the household, which was in Flackwell Heath. Charles was blind; his occupation was given as "Retired Civil Engineer".

The parents of Charles Henry Gough were Alexander Dick Gough and Mary Ann Bainbridge, who were married on 31/10/1827 at St George Bloomsbury, Middlesex. Alexander Dick Gough was a notable London architect, partner of Robert Lewis Roumieu. He was responsible for enlargement and restoration of St Pancras Old Church, and for the design of Christ Church, Ore (Hastings). An obituary of Alexander Dick Gough appears on the web page Sussex Parish Churches: Architects and Artists F–G.

I believe that two of Charles Henry Gough's brothers followed in their father's footsteps and became architects. Hugh Roumieu Gough, in particular, seems to have been quite prominent. Another brother, Archibald Edward Gough, pursued an academic career, and has an entry in the Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915).

Somewhere on the internet I came across the statement that in 1862 Charles Henry Gough designed an iron accommodation bridge at South Stoke near Arundel, Sussex.

I also purchased the image of an 1871 census page showing Charles H. Gough's household. At that time his address was Talfourd House, Hatfield Villa, Camberwell, in Lambeth. Charles was a 40 year old Civil Engineer and Surveyor, he had a 38 year old wife named Mary A., a 13 year old daughter named Marian E., and sons named Ernest C. and Herbert W., aged 9 and 4 respectively. The marriage of Charles Henry Gough and Mary Ann Stephens was registered in the Islington district in the first quarter of 1857, Marian Ellen's birth was registered in Pancras in the last quarter of 1857, Ernest Charles' birth was registered in Worthing in the first quarter of 1862, and Herbert William's birth was registered in Lambeth in the first quarter of 1867.

The death of Charles Henry Gough, aged 76, was registered in the Wycombe district in the first quarter of 1907. In 1911 Caroline Jane Gough, a 48 year old widow of private means, birthplace Wendron, was living at 3 Cromwell Road, Whitstable, Kent. The others in her household were a 64 year old boarder named Henry Sandall, who was a retired clergyman, and a 22 year old servant named Lily May Beech. Henry Sandall was married but his wife was not with him on census day; so presumably he was not a long term boarder in Caroline's house.

Samuel Eva Phillips

Samuel Eva Phillips, born in the March quarter of 1859, joined the Royal Artillery. His service record shows that he enlisted for 12 years service on 27/7/1877. At that time his age was given as 18 years and 5 months; he was 5 feet 7¼ inches tall, his chest measurement was 2 feet 10 inches, his complexion was fair, his eyes were dark blue and his hair dark brown, and he had a scar on his neck. He was reengaged on 16 May 1889 to complete 21 years of service, and was discharged on 31/7/1898 (aged 39 years and 5 months, still with dark blue eyes and dark brown hair and a scar on his neck, but now – so it says – 5 feet 10 inches tall).

Samuel served in India from 6th November 1878 to 24th February 1880. In the 1881 census records he appears in Fort Picklecombe, Laye Street, Maker, his occupation being "gunner". He was married in Stoke Damerel in the March quarter of 1883, and the details were duly recorded on Army Form A. 22.:

Corps       Depot Battery Western Dn R. A.
EXTRACT from the registry of Marriages and Baptisms of the above Corps to accompany the record of No     26092 Corporal Samuel Eva Phillips
MARRIAGE
Rank, Christian Name and Surname of the Soldier	r.a. 26092 Bombr Samuel Eva Phillips
(Specifying whether Bachelor or Widower)	Bachelor
Christian Name and Surname of the Woman	Harriet Darch
(Specifying whether Spinster or Widow)	Spinster
Place of Marriage, specifying Parish, County, &c.	St Mary's, Devonport, Devon
Date of Marriage	18th March 1883
Signatures of the Parties Married	sd       Samuel Eva Phillips
	sd       Harriet Darch
Signatures of Two Witnesses present at the Ceremony	sd       Simon Darch   his x mark
	sd       Mary Worth
Signature of the Chaplain or Officiating Clergy- man by whom the Marriage was solemnized	sd       H. H. Allen    Vicar of St Marys

In Wikipedia I find that in the Royal Artillery at this time bombardiers ranked below corporals, wearing one chevron as compared with two for corporals. (The R.A. subsequently abolished the rank of corporal, replacing it with bombardier and introducing the lower rank of lance-bombardier.) So there is some conflict between Samuel's rank as entered on the top of the page and that entered on the first line of the marriage extract. I suppose that he was a bombardier at the time of his marriage but was promoted to corporal shortly afterwards.

In July 1889, after his reengagement, Samuel was a sergeant. The picture shown above (sent to me by his grandson) apparently dates from about this time. He was promoted to Battery Sergeant Major, the artillery equivalent of Company Sergeant Major, on 1/6/1891, and later parts of his service record give his rank as CSM.

There are A22 forms giving the baptism details for three children: Charles Edgar Phillips was born on 2/10/1892, baptized on 23/11/1892 by J. W. Jones (Curate, Christ Church Swansea); Gwendoline Ada Phillips was born on 10/4/1894, baptized on 23/5/1894, by Revd J. W. Jones (Curate, Christ Church Swansea); Violet Dorothy Phillips was born on 26/6/1895, baptized on 29/8/1895 by Revd W. Thomas (Curate, Christ Church Swansea). In each case the parents are named as Samuel Eva Phillips CSM and Harriet.

There is a "Proceedings on Discharge" page that lists his total service in three parts: 1 year and 104 days (Home), 1 year and 111 days (India), 18 years and 157 days (Home). He did not suffer any wounds or injuries, no special instances of gallant conduct are listed, nor any medals or decorations. He undertook some classes of instruction while in the army, and received a 3rd Class School Certificate (7/10/1880) and a 2nd Class School Certificate (6/3/1884). His character was described as Very Good. After his discharge on 31/7/1898 he received a pension of 27 pence per day for life (£41/1/3 per year, but 2s.3d. more on leap years!).

The "Proceedings on Discharge" gives his trade as "labourer", and his intended place of residence as 2 Union Street, Faversham, Kent. His next of kin is named as his wife, Harriet, of Devonport, who was living apart from her husband. And a little mystery emerges when the census records from 1891, 1901 and 1911 are examined, for they show Samuel living with a wife named Louisa Jane!

It seems probable that Samuel and Louisa were never legally married, although (unsurprisingly) their descendants believed that they were.

The 1911 form was completed and signed by Louisa (who evidently did not know Samuel's precise birth place). There is surely no reason to disbelieve the infomation she provides on her marriage to Samuel: it had commenced in 1888 or 1889, and had produced seven children. Surely Charles, Gwendoline and Violet must have been Louisa's children, despite those army forms that name Harriet as the mother. And sure enough, Charles' birth certificate states that his mother was Louisa.

I conjecture that Harriet disappeared from Samuel's life shortly after their marriage. When Louisa started having children Samuel found it easiest to tell the army that Harriet was the mother, because the army knew that Samuel was married to Harriet.

The birth certificate above says that Lousia Jane Phillips was formerly Louisa Jane Rossiter. FreeBMD shows that a Louisa Jane Roissetter – which may have been her – was born in Stoke Damerel in the first quarter of 1865, but unfortunately I have not been able to find any trace of Louisa Jane in 1871 and 1881 census records.

Descendants of Thomas and Charity French

Recall that Charity Eva, born 1828, married Thomas French. At the 1851 census Thomas French's age is 26, his occupation is farm labourer, and the Frenches have a three year old daughter named Mary. Their address is Starra Park House, Boscastle. At the 1861 census the family is found at Camelford, and there are four children in the house: Mary (15), Thomas (7), Eliza A. E. (5) and Caroline (8 weeks). There are Davidstow baptism records for three of these children: Mary (30/4/1848), Thomas (24/6/1858), Eliza Ann Eva (24/6/1858). In fact Thomas and Charity also had a daughter named Elizabeth who was born in the December quarter of 1858, and who on census night 1861 was in the house of her uncle and aunt Daniel and Jane Heard at Minster. (Daniel Herd and Jane French were married in the March quarter of 1840.)

Here is a transcription of the 1871 census record for the household of Thomas and Charity.

Puckwalls, Advent, 1871:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Thomas French	Head	M	45	Agricultural Labourer	Cornwall, Davidstow
Charity French	Wife	M	45		Cornwall, Wendron
Eliza French	Dau	U	15	Scholar	Cornwall, Lanteglos
Eth French	Dau	U	13	Scholar	Cornwall, Lanteglos
Caraline French	Dau	U	10	Scholar	Cornwall, Lanteglos
Louisa French	Dau	U	7	Scholar	Cornwall, Advent
Margretta French	Dau	U	4	Scholar	Cornwall, Advent
William French	Son	U	1		Cornwall, Advent

Courtesy of FamilySearch.org, images of Lanteglos-by-Camelford baptism records are now available on-line. It turns out that Elizabeth was baptized in Lanteglos on 27/10/1858, while Caroline, Louisa Jane and a son named Abel were all baptized on 16/1/1866. It seems that Thomas and Charity preferred not to get the kids baptized until there were enough of them to make it worthwhile!

Lanteglos-by-Camelford baptisms 1837–1901, image no.47

Lanteglos-by-Camelford baptisms 1837–1901, image no.58

Abel died just a few weeks after his baptism, and was buried in Advent on 18/2/1866.

FreeCEN and FreeBMD show that there were at least three children after Abel: Margretta (2nd quarter of 1867), William Henry (last quarter of 1869) and Edward John (2nd quarter of 1873). I have no further details.

Here are transcriptions of the 1881 and 1891 census returns for the household.

Holdermoor Cottages, Advent, 1881:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Thomas French	Head	M	56	Farm Labourer	Cornwall, Advent
Charity French	Wife	M	54		Cornwall, Davidstow
Margaret French	Dau	U	14	Scholar	Cornwall, Advent
William French	Son	U	11	Scholar	Cornwall, Advent
Edward French	Son	U	8	Scholar	Cornwall, Advent
Earnest French	Son	U	4	Scholar	Cornwall, Advent

Merrose, Illogan, 1891:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Thomas French	Head	M	65	Farm Labourer (employee)	Cornwall, Davidstow
Charity French	Wife	M	64		Cornwall, Wendron
Edward J French	Son	U	18	Tin Miner (employee)	Cornwall, Camelford
Norman French	Grandson		3		Cornwall, Lanteglos by Camelford
Mary Matthews	Visitor	U	18		Cornwall, Camborne

Charity's age seems to be overstated by a couple of years in all of the census records (if we believe that she was 2 at her baptism in April 1831).

I do not believe that Thomas and Charity really had a son named Earnest who was 4 on census day 1881. If they did then his mother was close to 50 when he was born, which is unlikely in itself; moreover, I have been unable to find any other record of him. I cannot find a record of his birth in FreeBMD, or a record of his death, or any 1891 census record that matches. I suspect that the four-year-old in the 1881 record was actually Ernest Williams rather than Earnest French, and that he was the son of Charity French's younger sister Eliza Williams.

Thomas French senior died in the first quarter of 1902, aged 75. In 1911 the widowed Charity was still living in Redruth, with her grandson Norman and his wife Mary Jane. Charity died in the second quarter of 1925, aged 97.

Mary, Elizabeth, Caroline, Louisa

I have discovered noting more about Mary French, eldest daughter of Thomas and Charity, and very little about her sisters. Nothing I have discovered suggests that they had very happy lives.

In 1881 Elizabeth French was unmarried; she was a cook in the household of one Henry Hoskin, a ninety year old farmer at St Teath. I have not as yet found any marriage record or later census record for her; so I do not know what became of her. However, a single woman named Elizabeth French, an inmate of the Union Workhouse at Camelford, had a daughter named Maud baptized on 20/11/1877, a son named William Francis baptized on 11/1/1882, a daughter named Mary Ellen baptized on 1/6/1883, and a daughter named Ethel Elizabeth baptized on 7/3/1888. Maud French, aged 18 months, was buried on 26/1/1879 in St Breward, and the death of Mary Ellen French, aged 1, was registered in the Camelford district in the last quarter of 1884, but I cannot find any further mention of William Francis, Ethel Elizabeth or their mother in FreeBMD or FreeCEN.

Lanteglos-by-Camelford baptisms 1837–1901, image no.87

An inmate of the Union Workhouse named Katherine French had son named Frederick James baptized on 20/11/1877, the same day that Elizabeth's daughter Maud was baptized. I cannot help but wonder if "Katherine" here is an error, and the mother of Frederick James was actually Elizabeth's sister Caroline. The death of Frederick James French, aged 1, was registered in the Camelford district in the first quarter of 1879, and Caroline French, of the Camelford Union Workhouse, had a daughter named Elizabeth Anne baptized on 10/12/1879. I know nothing more about Caroline.

Lanteglos-by-Camelford baptisms 1837–1901, image no.70

Laura French of the Camelford Union Workhouse had a child named Laura Louisa baptized on 20/4/1883. Laura Louisa French's death was registered in the Camelford district in the third quarter of 1883. Louisa Jane French of the Camelford Union Workhouse had another child named Laura Louisa baptized on 23/9/1884, and the death of this second Laura Louisa French was registered in the last quarter of 1884.

Lanteglos-by-Camelford baptisms 1837–1901, image no.82

Lanteglos-by-Camelford baptisms 1837–1901, image no.84

In the second record above there is a rather illegible entry in the "Quality, Trade or Profession" column; I presume that it says "Servant".

I have no further information about Louisa Jane French.

Margaretta

Margaretta French died at age 22; she was buried on 29/3/1888 in Lanteglos by Camelford. I tentatively conjecture that she died in childbirth, or shortly thereafter, and that Norman Allen French (who was aged 3 at the 1891 census) was her son. At the time of the 1901 census Norman was still living with his grandparents (in Voguebeloth, Redruth). He married Mary Jane Hall in the first quarter of 1911.

Eliza

Eliza Ann French, single woman of the Union Workhouse Camelford, had a son named Thomas John Ferret French baptized on 9/6/1875. I do not know what became of this child, since I cannot find him in the 1881 census or in death records on FreeBMD.

Eliza Ann French married Richard Baker in the March quarter of 1879. By the 1891 census they had six children: Annie K (13), Richard (11), Pollie (9), William (7), Frederick (4) and Helen (1). Their address in 1891 was Pencarrow Cottage, Camelford, and Richard's occupation was Slate Quarrier (employee). This probably means that he worked at the Delabole Slate Quarry, which is a couple of miles from Camelford. (The web page "Changing Fortunes at Port Gaverne, North Cornwall" has some information about the slate trade and its connections with Port Gaverne and the Guy family. See the Samuel Worden and Jane Calloway page for some information on Guy genealogy.)

Richard and Eliza Ann's eldest child, Annie, was born before her parents were married: the birth of Annie Kate B. French was registered in Camelford in the first quarter of 1878. No doubt the "B" here stands for Baker; later she was know as Annie Kate French Baker rather than Annie Kate Baker French. On census day 1881 Annie C. Baker (3) and Richard J. Baker (1) were staying with their grandparents John and Elizabeth Baker at Trevia Hamlet, Lanteglos. Their parents Eliza Anne and Richard were at Tramagenna, Lanteglos.

Lanteglos baptism records exist for four of the Baker children: Richard John was baptized on 23/2/1880, William was baptized on 29/12/1884, Frederick was baptized on 5/6/1887, and Nellie Maud baptized on 13/6/1890. See also Lanteglos baptisms 1837–1901 image no.78 (Richard John), image no.84 (William), image no.86 (Frederick) and image no.90 (Nellie Maud). We see that Eliza Ann was generally known as Annie. Observe also that these four baptism records give four different addresses for the parents: Tramagenna (Richard), Sanding Road (William), Trebarwith Road (Frederick) and finally Pencarrow in Advent (Nellie).

At the 1901 census there is a Camelford household consisting of the following people: Richard Baker (44), Richard Baker (22), Polly Baker (20), Willie Baker (17), Fred Baker (15), Nellie Baker (12), Thomas Docerty (39), Mary Hartley (42), Robert Hartley (40), Richard Hayes (71) and George Lenzer (72). Eliza Ann Baker died in the second quarter of 1898, aged 42. Annie Kate F. Baker married Edward Stephens in the second quarter of 1895.

Thomas

At the 1871 census Thomas French (junior), aged 17, was a general servant in the household of a 34 year miller named William Ford at Camelford. There is minor intersection here with another branch of my family tree, since William Ford was the son of George Ford, briefly mentioned on the Samuel Worden and Jane Calloway page as the brother of Thomas Ford who married Martha Worden.

Since Thomas' birth was registered in the second quarter of 1854, he was presumably only 16, though almost 17, on census day 1871.

Thomas French married Elizabeth Phillips in the last quarter of 1878. Elizabeth was born in North Tamerton, as subsequent census records show. She was presumably unrelated to her husband's uncle Joseph Phillips. The 1881 census shows Thomas and Elizabeth living at Bolesbridge, North Petherwin; Thomas is a 24 year old agricultural labourer, born in Davidstowe, Elizabeth is 27, born in Tamerton, and they have a two year old son Richard, born in Boyton. Richard's birth was registered in the Launceston district in the first quarter of 1879.

Some time in 1881 or 1882 they moved to Millbrook, where they had four more children: Rosa Jane (baptized 28/12/1882), Eva (3 years old on 5/4/1891, no birth record positively identified), Thomas (baptized 16/2/1890), Mabel Jane (baptized 20/11/1892 in Torpoint, birth registered in Camelford in last quarter of 1892) and Elizabeth Jane (baptized 24/9/1896 and buried 3/3/1898). The 1891 census gives their address as 14 New Street, and Thomas' occupation as "Laborer Chemical Works". The household also included an unmarried 25 year old named Alfred Phillips, who was an agricultural laborer born at Boyton. It seems likely that Alfred Phillips was Elizabeth French's younger brother, even though his relationship to Thomas is given as lodger rather than brother-in-law.

The 1891 census record gives 40 as Thomas' age, although he was definitely only 36 or (possibly) 37, and also gives 40 as Elizabeth's age. Her age could well be correct, because she was probably the daughter of Richard and Jane Phillips baptized on 1/9/1850 in North Tamerton. Apparently Richard and Jane had 10 other children besides Elizabeth: Jacob (24/5/1840, North Tamerton), Richard (23/10/1842, North Tamerton), James (5/1/1845, North Tamerton), Ann (24/10/1847, North Tamerton), Samuel (5/12/1852, North Tamerton), Henry (12/3/1854, North Tamerton), William (5/4/1857, Boyton), John (14/8/1859, Boyton), Alfred (12/7/1863, Boyton) and Daniel (12/7/1863, Boyton).

In 1901 the family are still at Millbrook, now at 28 New Street. The census record gives Thomas' age as 49, occupation General Labourer, birthplace Launceston. It gives Elizabeth's age as 45 and birthplace Millbrook. The children are Rose (age 18, occupation "domestic"), Eva (age 13), Thomas (age 10) and Mable (age 8). There is also a 23 year old lodger named Charles Griffis.

Edward

The Mary Matthews who was in the household of Thomas and Charity French on census day 1891 may have been Edward J French's fiancée, because Edward John French and Elizabeth Mary Matthews were married in the Redruth district in the third quarter of 1891. They had the following children: Margaretta (2nd quarter of 1893), Edward John (3rd quarter of 1894), Charity Eva (3rd quarter of 1897), Rosie (1st quarter of 1901) and Rhoda (1st quarter of 1903). These children were all living with their parents in Redruth at the time of the 1911 census.

Charity Eva French married William Oates in the second quarter of 1919. They had children named William R. N. (1st quarter of 1920), Edward J. (2nd quarter of 1921), Bernard (3rd quarter of 1922), Nicholas C. (1st quarter of 1926) and Trevor C. (2nd quarter of 1927). All these events were registered in the Redruth district.

Margaretta French married William H. Stone in the first quarter of 1916. They had children named Dorothy H. (3rd quarter of 1916), Albert E. (4th quarter of 1918), William A. (2nd quarter of 1920), Winifred M. (1st quarter of 1922) and Robert C. (4th quarter of 1926). All these events were registered in the Redruth district.

Rosie French married Samuel Z. Trevethan in the first quarter of 1922. They had a child named Samuel Z. (1st quarter of 1923). Both these events were registered in the Redruth district.

Rhoda French married Fred Hichens in Helston in the third quarter of 1923. They had children named Elizabeth M. O. (1st quarter of 1924, Redruth) and Frederick E. (3rd quarter of 1927, Helston).

Descendants of Samuel and Jane Eva

Samuel Eva junior and his wife Jane (née Read) had at least three children: Mary Jane, who was presumably the unnamed female Eva whose birth was registered in the third quarter of 1853, Samuel, whose birth was registered in the third quarter of 1854, and Josiah, whose birth was registered in the second quarter of 1856. There are two relevant baptism records online: Mary Jane, baptized 21/9/1857, and Joseph, baptized 6/8/1858. Perhaps this Joseph was actually Josiah.

Here are some census records for the family of Samuel and Jane.

Grigwartha, Wendron, 1861:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Samuel Eva	Head	M	37	Copper Miner	Wendron, Cornwall
Jane Eva	Wife	M	36		Wendron, Cornwall
Mary J Eva	Dau		8	Scholar	Wendron, Cornwall
Samuel Eva	Son		6	Scholar	Wendron, Cornwall
Josiah Eva	Son		4	Scholar	Wendron, Cornwall

Wendron, 1871:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Samuel Eva	Head	M	47	Tin Miner	Wendron, Cornwall
Jane Eva	Wife	M	47		Wendron, Cornwall
Mary J Eva	Dau	U	18	Dressmaker	Redruth, Cornwall
Samuel Eva	Son	U	17	Miner	Wendron, Cornwall
Josiah Eva	Son	U	15	Miner	Wendron, Cornwall
Eliza A Eva	Dau		10	Scholar	Wendron, Cornwall

Station Road, Dalton in Furness, Lancashire, 1881:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Samuel Eva	Head	M	56	Iron Ore Miner	Cornwall
Jane Eva	Wife	M	55		Cornwall
Samuel Eva	Son	W	27	Iron Ore Miner	Cornwall
Joseph Eva	G Son		3		Pennington, Lancashire
Jane Eva	Dau	M	21		Dalton, Lancashire
Josiah Eva	Son (G Son)		2		Dalton, Lancashire

Samuel Eva the second died in the 2nd quarter of 1890 (aged 66), and his wife Jane died in the fourth quarter of 1894 (aged 70).

Josiah

The younger Jane Eva in the 1881 census record above should actually have been recorded as the daughter-in-law, rather than daughter, of Samuel. The marriage of Samuel's son Josiah to Jane Turner was registered in Ulverston in the September quarter of 1878. Presumably the two year old Josiah in the census record was the son of Josiah and Jane; the relationship "Son" appearing alongside Josiah's name was no doubt intended to mean "son of the preceding person", and then "G Son" was added in brackets when someone pointed out that they were supposed to give the relationship to the head of the household. The birth of Josiah and Jane's son Josiah was registered in Ulverston in the December quarter of 1878.

Where the elder Josiah was in 1881 I have been unable to determine. He certainly was not dead, because Josiah and Jane also had a daughter named Emma Jane, baptized on 23/7/1882 in Dalton in Furness. In 1891 and 1901 census records she appears under the name "Minnie Eva". She married Joseph Edward Robinson in Cheetham, Lancashire, on 10/6/1905.

I have not been able to find either Josiah (Emma Jane's father and brother) in any later census records. Presumably Emma Jane's brother was the 4 year old Josiah Eva whose death was registered in Redruth in the March quarter of 1883, since there is no birth record for any other Josiah Eva of the right age. It is natural to wonder why he was in Redruth. It is possible that the family were en route to Mexico, because 1891 and 1901 census records show that Minnie Eva had a sister named Ella who was born in Mexico (allegedly in a place called "Maclan", although I have not been able to find a place in Mexico with a name anything like that). I think it is safe to conjecture that Josiah went to Mexico in search of employment in Mexican mines.

I presume that Josiah died in Mexico, since Jane Eva, daughter of Thomas Turner, married Joseph Cook, son of Borrowdale Cook, in Dalton in Furness in 1890. The marriage was registered in the fourth quarter of 1890. Here is a transcription of the 1891 census record for their household.

165 Chapel Street, Dalton, 1891:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Joseph Cook	Head	M	30	Iron Miner (out of work)	Cumberland Egermont
Jane Cook	Wife	M	29		Lancashire Dalton
Minnie Eva	Daughter		8	Scholar	Lancashire Dalton
Ella Eva	Daughter		2		Mexico Maclan

Apparently Jane's second husband, like her first, died in early middle-age. Jane Cook married Isaac Mawson in the Ulverston district in the second quarter of 1897. Their son Isaac was baptized on 22/12/1897 in Dalton in Furness. The 1901 census record of Isaac Mawson's house shows the members of it to be Isaac himself (aged 32), his wife Jane (aged 39), son Isaac (aged 3), stepdaughters Minnie Eva (aged 18) and Ella Eva (aged 12), and stepson Dixon Cook (aged 9).

Ella Eva married William E. G. Jones in the first quarter of 1912. They had children named Bessie A. (1st quarter 1912), Ada E. (4th quarter 1912), Winifred (1st quarter 1914), Ellaline (3rd quarter 1915), William (2nd quarter 1922), Norman H. (3rd quarter 1927) and Thelma (1st quarter 1930).

Samuel

Samuel Eva the 3rd (born 1854) married Mary Bosanko in the March quarter of 1877 in the Ulverston registration district. She died in 1879, the death registered in Barrow in Furness in the December quarter; her age was 36. No doubt Mary was also Cornish, since Bosanko is a Cornish name. Census records from 1851 and 1861 show that she was born in Wendron and her parents were named John and Mary. Samuel and Mary had a son named Joseph whose birth was registered in Ulverston in the March quarter of 1878.

Samuel (the 3rd) married again in 1882. He married Sophia Pearce on 28/5/1882 in Dalton in Furness. Sophia was born in Scotland of Cornish parents Abraham and Ester Pearce. Abraham Pearce married Hester Moyle on 2/1/1847 in Lanner (Cornwall). An 1881 census record shows Abraham and Ester living at Swarthmoor, Pennington, Lancashire, with three sons: John Edward (aged 26, born in Scotland), James (aged 20, born in Codbeck, Cumberland) and William (aged 20, born in Pennington). Their daughter Sophia was born on 2/2/1859 in Minnigaff, Kirkcudbright, Scotland.

Samuel and Sophia had the following children: Samuel (baptized on 5/6/1883, birth registered in the 2nd quarter of 1883), Sophia Jane (baptized on 6/11/1884, birth registered in the last quarter of 1884), Eliza Ann (baptized on 5/1/1887, birth registered in the last quarter of 1886), Esther Pearce (birth registered in the first quarter of 1889) and Josiah (baptized 28/4/1892, birth registered in the second quarter of 1892).

Eliza Ann died in the 2nd quarter of 1888 (aged 1); Esther Pearce died in the 4th quarter of 1890 (aged 1); Samuel Eva died in the 2nd quarter of 1892 (aged 8). Sophia Jane Eva (born 1884) married John Trenouth in 1900. The marriage was registered in the last quarter of 1900, and so presumably occurred shortly after Sophia's 16th birthday.

The death of Sophia Eva, aged 89, was registered in the Ulverston district in the first quarter of 1948. Her husband had died in 1929; his death was registered in Ulverston in the first quarter of that year. I do not know what became of their son Josiah, who disappeared from their household between 1901 and 1911.

Mary Jane

Mary Jane Eva (born 1853) married Thomas Knuckey in the Helston district in the December quarter of 1872. An 1881 census record shows them living in Millom, Cumberland, and from the ages and birthplaces of their children we can deduce that they moved from Cornwall to Cumberland in about 1875.

7 Wellington St, Millom, Cumberland, 1881:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Thomas Knuckey	Head	M	28	Mining Smith	Stithians, Cornwall
Mary J. Knuckey	Wife	M	28		Redruth, Cornwall
Samuel T. Knuckey	Son		7	Scholar	Wendron, Cornwall
Caroline J. Knuckey	Daur		6	Scholar	Wendron, Cornwall
Eliza Knuckey	Daur		5	Scholar	Millom, Cumberland
Grace Knuckey	Mother	W	53		Gwenap, Cornwall

FreeBMD shows that the birth of Samuel Thomas Knuckey was registered in Helston district in the second quarter of 1873, the birth of Caroline Jane Knuckey was registered in Helston district in the third quarter of 1874, and the birth of Eliza Knuckey was registered in the Bootle district in the second quarter of 1876. There was also a Mary Knuckey whose birth was registered (in the Bootle district) in the third quarter of 1878, and whose death at age 1 was registered in the last quarter of 1879. The birth of another Mary Knuckey was registered in the third quarter of 1882.

Although in 1881 Thomas' mother was apparently claiming to be a widow, I do not believe that she was ever married. An 1871 census record shows a household at Carnmenellis, Wendron, consisting of Grace Knuckey (43, unmarried, housekeeper, born in Gwennap) and her son Thomas (18, blacksmyth, born in Stithians). Ten years earlier Grace and Thomas were at Crellow, Stithians, in the household of Grace's married sister Eliza Dunstan. At this time Thomas' occupation was "Smiths Boy", and Grace was an invalid. Eliza, aged 29, was the head of the household, her rank, profession or occupation being "Copper Miner's Wife". Where the copper miner in question was I do not know. The only other member of the household was Eliza's 5 year old son Thomas Dunstan.

Eliza Knuckey had married William Dunstan in Stithians on 25/12/1851; the marriage record tells us that Eliza was a spinster of full age, residence in Crellow, father's name James. (In fact she was probably only 19 or 20.)

Thomas Dunstan Knuckey was baptized in Stithians on 16/10/1853, his mother's name was Grace, and no father's name was given.

Grace Knuckey, aged 64, died in the Bootle district in the last quarter of 1890.

I presume that Mary Jane's husband was the 29 year old Thomas Knuckey whose death was registered in the Bootle district in the third quarter of 1882. However, there was an Eva Knuckey whose birth was registered in the first quarter of 1890 and whose death at age 1 was registered in the second quarter of 1891, and there was also an Eva Thomas Knuckey whose death at age 2 was registered in the first quarter of 1889. Clearly I ought to purchase to birth and death certificates to find out who these infants were, but I have not done so yet.

Unfortunately, I have been unable to find any 1891 census record relating to any member of this Knuckey family, and in particular I have no further information relating to Mary Jane, although FreeBMD and the 1901 census have provided a little further information relating to her children.

The marriage of Caroline Jane Knuckey was registered in the Bootle district in the December quarter of 1893; her husband could have been either John Thomas Prichard or George Thomas Norsworthey. The marriage of Samuel T Knuckey was registered in the Whitehaven district in the December quarter of 1900, and by combining the information from FreeBMD with 1901 census information and we can deduce that he married Bessie Allen. We can similarly deduce that Eliza Knuckey married William James Hockaday; they were married in the first quarter of 1901.

In 1901 Samuel and Bessie were living at 30 Lord Street, Millom. We learn that Samuel was a stationary engine driver, and that Bessie was born in Wales. William James and Eliza Hockaday were living at 16 Katherine Street Millom, and Eliza's 18 year old sister Mary Knuckey was there also (at least on census day). William James was an iron ore miner; no occupations are listed for either Eliza or Mary. Mary's death at age 21 was registered in the third quarter of 1903.

Descendants of Nicholas and Eliza Williams

Recall that Eliza Eva (born 1837) married Nicholas Williams. Here are census records for them.

Trannack, Sithney, 1861:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Nicholas Williams	Head	M	36	Stone Mason	Wendron, Cornwall
Eliza Williams	Wife	M	26		Wendron, Cornwall
Elizabeth H Williams	Dau		2		Wendron, Cornwall
Mary A Williams	Dau		1		Sithney, Cornwall
Mary Coome	Servant		11		Wendron, Cornwall

Trannack, Sithney, 1871:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Nicholas Williams	Head	M	47	Stone Mason	Wendron, Cornwall
Eliza Williams	Wife	M	35	Masons Wife	Wendron, Cornwall
Elizabeth Williams	Dau		12	Scholar	Sithney, Cornwall
Mary H Williams	Dau		11	Scholar	Sithney, Cornwall
Susan A Williams	Dau		7	Scholar	Sithney, Cornwall
Nicholas Williams	Son		5	Scholar	Sithney, Cornwall
Richard E Williams	Son		4	Scholar	Sithney, Cornwall
Eliza Williams	Dau		2		Sithney, Cornwall
Josiah Williams	Son		6m		Sithney, Cornwall
Elizabeth Eva	Mtrlaw	W	68	Household Assit.	Wendron, Cornwall

Trannack, Sithney, 1881:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Nicholas Williams	Head	M	57	Stonemason	Wendron, Cornwall
Eliza Williams	Wife	M	43	Masons Wife	Wendron, Cornwall
William Williams	Son		15	Stonemason	Sithney, Cornwall
Richard E Williams	Son		14	Stonemason	Sithney, Cornwall
Eliza Williams	Dau		12	Scholar	Sithney, Cornwall
Josiah Williams	Son		10		Sithney, Cornwall
Charity Williams	Dau		1		Sithney, Cornwall
Mary Date	Visitor	S	14	Domestic Employment	Sithney, Cornwall

Trannack, Sithney, 1891:
Eliza Williams	Head	W	53		Wendron, Cornwall
Richard Williams	Son	U	24	Stone Mason (Employee)	Sithney, Cornwall
Josiah Williams	Son	U	20	Driver (Employee)	Sithney, Cornwall
Ernest Williams	Son		13	Scholar	Sithney, Cornwall

Since Ernest was not in his parents' house on census night 1881, it is not unreasonable to conjecture that it was he who was in the house of his uncle and aunt Thomas and Charity French and was erroneously recorded as "Earnest French".

Josiah Eva Williams married Elizabeth Ann Treloar in Sithney on 15/8/1893. Ernest Williams married Bessie Blee in Sithney on 22/8/1896. Susan Ann Williams married Richard James Hawke in Sithney on 26/12/1892. Elizabeth Honor Williams married Edwin John Kitto Richards in Sithney on 15/5/1889. Note that although the parish register record of this marriage gives the groom's father's name as William Richards, in fact he was the son of an unmarried mother named Selina Richards (who was the daughter of a William Richards). Charity Williams married John Henry Adams in Sithney on 24/10/1906 (see the transcriptions of Sithney marriage records 1862 to 1906 by Damien Willey, OPC for Sithney). Eliza Eva Williams married Christopher Thomas in the first quarter of 1893. Richard Eva Williams married Laura Martin Cock in the third quarter of 1898, and at the 1901 census they had a 2 year old son named Reginald and an 11 month old daughter named Eva.

Descendants of Richard and Catherine Eva

Here are some census records relating to Richard Eva (born 1847) and his wife Catherine (née Tressider).

Wendron, 1871:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Richard Eva	Head	M	25	Stone Mason	Alternon, Cornwall
Catherine Eva	Wife	M	23		Wendron, Cornwall
Josiah Eva	Son		3	Scholar	Wendron, Cornwall

Tremenhere, Wendron, 1881:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Richard Eva	Head	M	35	Tin Miner	Alturnun, Cornwall
Catherine Eva	Wife	M	35		Wendron, Cornwall
Josiah Eva	Son		13	Appretic	Wendron, Cornwall

Trevenning, Wendron, 1891:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Catherine Eva	Head	W	45		Wendron, Cornwall
Josiah Eva	Son	S	20	Granite Mason (Em'ee)	Wendron, Cornwall
Elizabeth Eva	Ma-Law	W	88		Wendron, Cornwall

I have not been able to discover the date or place of Richard's death. His son Josiah moved to Wales, where he was employed on the Elan Valley dam construction project. He married Sarah Anne Lines in Rhayader in 1898, and by 1901 they had two children: Richard, who was aged 2 on census day, and Robert John, 10 months. The 1901 census record for their household gives their address as 11 Garregddhu, Rhayader, and Josiah's Profession or Occupation as Foreman Mason.

FreeBMD shows that Josiah Eva died in Birmingham in 1943.

Edward and Mary Hodge

Recall that Eliza Eva, daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth, married Edward Hodge, son of John Hodge, in Wendron on 15/3/1852.

At present all I know about this couple is that they are not to be confused with Edward and Mary Ann Hodge of Constantine. Edward Hodge of Manaccan, son of a farmer named Peter Hodge, and Mary Ann Williams of St Martin in Meneage, daughter of a farmer named Simon Williams, were married in St Martin on 25/1/1853. They lived in Constantine, and raised a large family.

As yet I have not gathered any information about "my" Edward and Mary.