Richard Caddy and Elizabeth Jewell

Richard and Elizabeth

Richard Caddy and Elizabeth Jewell were married on 28/10/1799 in Wendron, Cornwall. There are Wendron baptism records for the following children whose parents were named Richard and Elizabeth Caddy:

• William Caddy, 14/4/1800;
• Elizabeth Caddy, 22/8/1802;
• Catharine Caddy, 17/4/1804;
• Mary Caddy, 16/3/1806;
• Charity Caddy, 5/6/1808.

Since no evidence has been uncovered to suggest that there were any other couples named Richard and Elizabeth Caddy in Wendron at this time, there can be little doubt that the Richard Caddy and Elizabeth Jewell married on 28/10/1799 were the parents of all of these children. My interest in them stems from the fact that the daughter Elizabeth married Samuel Eva in 1824, and Samuel and Elizabeth Eva are my paternal grandmother's maternal grandparents.

Richard Caddy and Elizabeth Jewell appear on the Jewell Family website and also on the Caddy, Combellack & Associated Families website (henceforth referred to as CCAF). The author of the Jewell Family website searched the IGI for possible marriages of the Elizabeth Caddy baptized in 1802, and found only one possibility: on 14/2/1818 an Elizabeth Caddy and a John Williams were married in St Hilary. It is not surprising that he did not discover her actual marriage, since there were no nineteenth century Wendron marriages in the IGI database. But describing the St Hilary marriage as a possibility was a rather dubious decision, since Elizabeth baptized in August 1802 would probably have only been 15 on 14/2/1818, and besides that there was an Elizabeth Caddy born in St Hilary in 1785 who could easily have been the one who married John Williams. For all I know, there may also be other possibilities for John Williams' wife, although I see that a message in archiver.rootsweb.com does assert that the Elizabeth Caddy who married John Williams was the daughter of John and Christian Caddy baptized in St Hilary in 1785.

In defence of the Jewell Family website's author, it should be said that he did not unequivocally assert that Elizabeth daughter of Richard and Elizabeth married John Williams, and on his website he asked people with further information to contact him. I tried to do so, but it seems that he can no longer be contacted.

Despite the innate implausibility of the claim that John Williams' wife was the daughter of Richard and Elizabeth, and despite the fact that the Jewell Family website did not assert it as definite fact, others have seized upon it as though it were the truth, and passed it on as definite fact, without even a "possibly" or an admission that they have not checked the claim for themselves. Sadly, such undiscriminating acceptance of everything that one reads seems to be the norm in the genealogy community. In particular, CCAF also says that Elizabeth daughter of Richard and Elizabeth married John Williams. We shall also encounter other examples of improbabilities masquerading as facts on CCAF.

The children listed above were the only children of parents named Richard and Elizabeth Caddy baptized in Wendron (or nearby) in the years from 1800 to 1837; moreover, the Cornwall Online Parish Clerks database includes the burial of Elizabeth Caddy, aged 33, on 1/11/1810. It looks as though this was Richard's wife, her death explaining why there were no more children after Charity.

If the age at death is correct then we can deduce that Elizabeth Jewell was born some time between November 1876 and October 1877.

Since no Richard Caddys of the right age appear in Wendron burial records in the years from 1807 to 1841, he ought to appear in 1841 census records, at a somewhat advanced age. Several Richard Caddys show up in Cornwall in the 1841 census, but only one of them was over 55 years old. In Halebezack there was a household whose two occupants were Richard Caddy, a 67 year old tin miner, and Elizabeth Caddy, also aged 67. They appear again in 1851, still at Halabezack, their ages both given as 76, Richard now being a retired tin miner. This record also tells us that Elizabeth was Richard's wife, that he was born in Wendron and that she was born in Mylor.

On CCAF's Richard Caddy page they say that Richard died before 1851. What they should have said, of course, is that they failed to find him in the 1851 census records. FreeCEN's search engine finds him without any trouble.

Census day 1841 was June 6th and census day 1851 was 30th March. So if both census records are right about their ages then both Richard and Elizabeth were born on or after 30/3/1774 and before 6/6/1774.

Having already decided that Elizabeth Caddy née Jewell died in 1810, we are forced to conclude that after her death Richard married again, replacing his first Elizabeth with another.

Searching Cornish marriage records for marriages of Richard Caddys in the years between 1810 and 1840 turned up three such marriages, and in two of these the marriage was in Wendron and the bride's name was Elizabeth. On 26/12/1818 Richard Caddy married Elizabeth Blewett, and on 3/11/1836 Richard Caddy married Elizabeth Rowe Pengilly. (FamilySearch.org gives the names of the two brides as Elizabeth Bolewett and Elizabeth Roma Pangelly, but now that FamilySearch.org have made images of the relevant records available online one can easily inspect Wendron Marriages 1813–1831 image 28 and Wendron Marriages 1831–1837 image 36 and see the truth.)

Of course there were several Richard Caddys in Wendron. The Richard Caddy born in 1792 can be ruled out, since the Cornwall OPC burials database includes the burial of a 12 year old Richard Caddy in Wendron on 10/5/1804, but there there was a Richard Caddy baptized in Wendron on 4/7/1813 who could easily have been married in 1836. Indeed, in the 1851 census we find a Richard Caddy aged 36, birthplace Wendron, with a wife named Elizabeth R. Caddy, birthplace Gulval, and eldest child aged 12. It is a safe bet that the Richard Caddy who married Elizabeth Rowe Pengilly in 1836 was the Richard born in 1813. (He is also the Richard whose grave at Wendron is shown at right. He died in 1879.)

So our Richard Caddy married Elizabeth Blewett in 1818, and she was born in Mylor. Since she would have been 45 in 1818, I originally guessed that she was a widow. But the image of the marriage document shows that one of the witnesses to the marriage was a Richard Blewett, and I think it probable that he was either Elizabeth's brother or her father. Of course it is still possible that she was a widow, and the witness was her brother-in-law or even her son But I am guessing that she was a spinster. The image also shows that immediately prior to her marriage to Richard Caddy she lived in Illogan. However, so far I have not been able to find any matching baptism record.

Besides Richard Caddy (born 1774) who married Elizabeth Jewell and then Elizabeth Blewett, and Richard Caddy (born 1813) who married Elizabeth Rowe Pengilly, there was also a Richard Caddy born 1823 – a grandson of Richard Caddy and Elizabeth Jewell in fact – who married a Mrs Elizabeth Johns in 1850. Apparently the Richard Caddys of Wendron were mysteriously drawn to women named Elizabeth!

In 1846 the parish of Wendron was reduced in size when a new parish named Carnmenellis was created. Halabezack, where Richard and Elizabeth lived, was in Carnmenellis.

Elizabeth Caddy of Halabesec died aged 82 and was buried in Carnmenellis on 26/8/1856: see Carnmenellis burials 1851–1867 image 33. Knowing shat she was 82 in August 1856 does not enable us the reduce the range of possible dates for her birth. If she was born on or after 30/3/1774 and before 6/6/1774 then she would indeed have been 82 in August 1856. Richard Caddy died aged 84 and was buried in Carnmenellis on 7/1/1858: see Carnmenellis burials 1851–1867 image 36. His alleged age at death is not quite consistent with the ages given in the census: to be 84 on 7/1/1858 he would have to have been born on or before 7/1/1774. But it must be the right person, because neither census shows any other Richard Caddy of a roughly similar age in the same region of Cornwall.

Ages as given in census records are notoriously unreliable, but on the other hand it is also quite possible that Richard's relatives thought that he was a little older than he actually was. But he was certainly born in about 1773 or 1774.

The "abode" entry in Richard's burial record is barely legible. It could perhaps say "Balmanear", but I have been unable to locate any place with a name similar to this. So far I have only found one other occurrence of the name: Balmoneere (or similar) was the abode of John Francis Jolly – a great grandson of Richard Caddy, as it happens – who died aged 10 weeks and was buried on 4/2/1864. (See Carnmenellis burials 1851–1867 image 58.)

JF Jolly's abode

Identifying the Caddy relatives of Richard

Fortunately, our Richard Caddy was literate, and signed several documents that survive. In particular, we have his signature from his 1799 marriage and his signature from his 1818 marriage, and apart from the fact that on the former occasion he wrote "Richd" rather than "Richard", the two signatures do, as one would hope, resemble each other.

In the first of these images it may seem that the first d in Caddy has a hook on its top, but actually that mark is a descender from the line above. Note also that although Curate Richard Gerveys Grylls (who officiated at the 1799 marriage) chose to record the bride's surname as "Jewell", she herself used the spelling "Juell".

Richard Caddy's father was named William; he died in 1799 and was buried on 29/5/1799 in Wendron. William died intestate, and in 1810 – presumably when officialdom found out that the correct procedure had not been followed – Richard had to sign a legal document promising to properly administer his father's estate. Richard's signature on this matches the signatures on his marriage documents closely enough; so the evidence that it is the same Richard Caddy is fairly convincing.

Signature on the 1810 bond

This legal document is held at the Cornwall Record Office, Document AP/C/4538 on the Cornwall Record Office website. The CRO call it "Will of William Caddy, tinner, of Wendron", but it is actually a bond. The cover sheet of the document itself says this: "Bond upon the admion of the Goods &c of William Caddy Tinner deced granted to Richard Caddy the Son of the said deced. The Admor was sworn before Thomas Trevethan Clerk ... ." (Here "admion" and "admor" are abbreviations for "administration" and "administrator".)

From the photocopy I obtained it is clear that the original document was produced by filling in the blank spaces on a pre-printed sheet. I have seen transcriptions of several other documents that are almost identical but for the names of the people involved.

Here is my take on what it says, with the handwritten parts in bold.

Evidently in such a document the "condition" describes the circumstances under which those who are bound do not have to pay the money.

A message posted to the Caddy Family Genealogy Forum gives a transcription of this document which differs from mine in a couple of minor ways. But it appears that one of these differences has had repercussions. In the first line of the second pararaph, where I have "the above bounden Richard Caddy", the other transcriber has the name as "Richard H. Caddy". I think that what looks like an H is actually just a mark put there so that there would be no blank space, the principle perhaps being that blank spaces might facilitate fraudulent alterations to the document. There are similar H-like marks a few lines later.

It would make no sense for Richard Caddy to be referred to as Richard H. Caddy at this point. The first line of the document sets the name of the person involved as Richard Caddy, and legal precision would surely not countenance varying that at one place in the middle.

CCAF, and others from whom CCAF surely copied, refer to our Richard as Richard H. Caddy. I do not believe that Richard had a second christian name; as far as I can see, misinterpretation of the administration bond is the source of the spurious H.

The second page of the bond, similarly created from a pre-printed sheet, goes as follows.

Thus the William buried on 29/5/1799 was definitely Richard's father.

Knowing that Richard was born in about 1773 or 1774, and knowing that his father's name was William, we can be confident that Richard was the son of William and Alice baptized in Wendron on 12/6/1774. There are Wendron baptism records for 11 children of William and Alice Caddy, as follows:

• William (17/2/1765),
• Elizabeth (27/4/1766),
• Mary (6/8/1769),
• Alice (16/2/1772),
• Richard (12/6/1774),
• Charity (9/11/1776),
• Charity (14/6/1778),
• John (22/7/1781),
• James (14/9/1783),
• Henry (4/9/1785),
• Grace (16/9/1787).

FamilySearch.org's versions of the baptism records for William, Alice, the first Charity and John include the dates on which they died; William died on 7/1/1770, Alice died on 5/1/1781, Charity died on 27/5/1777, and John died on 4/5/1792. I have transcribed the Wendron burial records for the relevant years, working from the images provided by FamilySearch.org in the collection they refer to as Wendron Baptisms, Marriages, Burials 1560–1812 (which, incidentally, does not include any marriage records), and there is no doubt that John Caddy, aged 10, son of William, was buried on 4/5/1792. (I doubt if FamilySearch.org are really justified in calling this a death date rather than a burial date, although of course the burial would have not been much later than the death.) Similarly, Alice, daughter of William, was buried on 5/1/1781, Charity, daughter of William, was buried on 27/5/1777, and William, son of William, was buried on 7/1/1770.

It is a great pity that Vicar Jacob Bullock did not usually record the ages of the people he buried – as Curate Richard Grylls did when he took over the job – because I am left wondering whether the son of William buried on 7/1/1770 was really the same person as the son of William and Alice baptized on 17/2/1765. The reason for my uncertainty derives from the fact that a 38 year old William Caddy was buried in Wendron on 26/8/1803. If there was another William son of (another) William about in 1770, then the William who died in 1803 could well have been the son of William and Alice.

If William son of William and Alice were alive in 1799, then it would have been his job, rather than Richard's, to administer their father's estate. But the job was not attended to in 1799, and by 1810 the elder brother was definitely dead. So the duty fell to Richard.

It seems rather likely that Richard's mother was the Alice Caddy buried in Wendron on 11/5/1810. Her age at death is given as 68. She was probably also the Alice Pryor who married William Caddy on 26/7/1764 in Wendron.

I think that Richard Caddy was a witness at the marriages of all his surviving siblings except Elizabeth, William (if William survived!) and Henry. All the surviving siblings but James were married in Wendron; James was married in Constantine, his bride's home parish.

Mary Caddy married James Treloar on 13/5/1799

Charity Caddy married Richard Oliver on 17/2/1803

Alice Caddy married William Penaluna on 24/2/1807

James Caddy married Elizabeth Toy on 21/12/1804

In my opinion the signature of the second witness to Charity's marriage matches well the signature of the James Caddy that married Elizabeth Toy. It is true that at Charity's marriage his first d had a curly back while and his second d a straight back, while at his own marriage both d's were curly. But whether you make it straight or curly probably depends on whether or not you join it up to the next letter.

I am conjecturing that the Grace Caddy baptized in 1787 was actually an Alice, or came to be known as Alice. Given that the Alice baptized in 1772 died in 1781, there is no Wendron baptism to match the Alice who married William Penaluna in 1807. The fact that our Richard was a witness at her marriage suggests that Alice was some relative of Richard. And there is an 1851 census record of a household in Fiscar, Carnmenellis, comprised of William Penaluna, a 66 year old tin miner born in Wendron, his 63 year old wife Alice, also born in Wendron, and two other Penalunas. This shows that Alice was the right age to be the same person as Grace. Whether Curate Grylls accidentally wrote the wrong name into the baptism register, or the family just decided to start calling her Alice instead of Grace, I cannot say.

Note that the witness Richard Oliver at Alice Caddy's marriage may have been her brother-in-law, husband of her sister Charity.

Richard's elder sister Elizabeth was probably the Elizabeth Caddy who married William Richards on 9/8/1794 in Wendron. An Elizabeth Richards, whose age at death was allegedly 40, was buried on 16/3/1806 in Wendron. Although Richard's sister Elizabeth (baptized in February 1765) would actually have been 41 in March 1806, there does not appear to be any other Elizabeth Caddy who is a better match for William Richards' wife. An error of only one year is not all that bad for a burial record!

Since Elizabeth's father, William, was still alive on 9/8/1794, it is not surprising that her marriage was witnessed by a William Caddy rather than a Richard Caddy.

The William Caddy who died in 1803 was probably the William Caddy who married Catherine Roberts on 31/10/1790 in Wendron. The witnesses to this event were William Caddy and John Robarts, and from the signatures I would say that the witness William was the same one who later witnessed Elizabeth Caddy's marriage.

Elizabeth Caddy married William Richards on 9/8/1794

William Caddy married Catherine Roberts on 31/10/1790

If William Caddy witnesses William Caddy's marriage, surely the witness is the groom's father! I think that the other witness was the bride's eldest brother: Catharine Roberts, daughter of Alexander and Jane, was baptized on 24/5/1774 in Wendron, and John Roberts, son of Alexander and Jane, was baptized on 15/5/1757 in Wendron.

OK, I concede that William the witness might have been the groom's uncle or cousin. I really do not know whether or not to conjecture that the William who married Elizabeth Roberts was the son of William and Alice.

You could argue that, as the elder brother, William, not Richard, should have been the witness to the marriages of Mary and Charity. But, on the other hand, perhaps William was illiterate, and left the signing of things to his smart sibling.

The William Caddy that witnessed the marriages of Elizabeth Caddy in 1794 and William Caddy in 1790 may also have witnessed the marriage of Mary Caddy in 1785. On this occasion "Caddy" had two curly d's rather than a straight one followed by a curly one, but perhaps that is not a significant difference.

Francis Williams married Mary Caddy on 8/2/1785

This Mary Caddy was probably the daughter of William and Dorothy Caddy baptized on 26/6/1757. I think her father was already dead by the time of her marriage, which of course would mean that he was not the witness!

William, Richard's father, signed his own marriage document in 1764. The signature is not a wonderful match for the three shown above, but it is certainly quite possible that it was the same William Caddy on each occasion.

William Caddy married Alice Pryor on 26/7/1764

Henry Caddy, a miner, married Thomasine Goldsworthy in Wendron on 25/5/1806. Henry and Thomasine Caddy show up in 1841 census records and not in 1851 census records, and there are Wendron burial records that match: Henry Caddy died at age 62 and was buried on 14/11/1847, and Thomasine Caddy died at age 65 and was buried on 30/5/1849. It would seem from Henry's age at death that he was probably Richard Caddy's youngest brother, the Henry baptized on 4/9/1785. I am just a little bit uneasy about this, because he marked, rather than signed, the marriage document, suggesting that he was illiterate, unlike Richard and James. And Richard was not a witness to the marriage! But I expect that this Henry was indeed Richard's brother.

The descendants of Richard Caddy's siblings are investigated below.

The other Elizabeth Jewell

The Jewell Family website and CCAF (probably not independently) identify Richard Caddy's wife with the Elizabeth Jewell who was the second child of Absalom Jewell and Sarah Tregonning, baptized on 12/1/1777 in Wendron. I now believe that this is correct, although I am not convinced that CCAF and the Jewell Family site considered the possibility that Richard Caddy's wife might have been the daughter of William and Anne Jewel baptized on 4/6/1777 in Wendron.

In fact there were Elizabeth Jewells (variously spelled) baptized in Wendron on 22/11/1772, 12/1/1777, 4/6/1777 and 22/6/1783, and no others (recorded) between 1767 and 1796. Clearly the two baptized in 1777 are the prime candidates for Richard Caddy's wife, but we cannot confidently rule out the others based solely on the information that Elizabeth Caddy was allegedly 33 when she died in late 1810. Furthermore there was also an Elizabeth Jewell baptized in 1777 in Gunwalloe, not very far from Wendron.

The parents of the Gunwalloe Elizabeth were probably William Jewell (of Gunwalloe) and Elizabeth Pappin, who were married on 4/11/1775 in Wendron. Presumably Elizabeth Pappin was from Wendron, but despite this Wendron connection it is likely that their daughter was not the Elizabeth Jewell who married Richard Caddy in Wendron, but the Elizabeth Jewell who married John Chenoweth on 13/3/1809 in Gunwalloe.

The Elizabeth Jewel baptized on 22/6/1783 (daughter of John and Dorithy) died at age 8, and was buried on 10/12/1791.

An unmarried Elizabeth Jewell had a son named William baptized on 23/11/1795 in Wendron. I suppose that the mother was either the 1772 Elizabeth or one of the 1777 Elizabeths, but I do not know what became of the son and I do not know which Elizabeth was his mother.

Unfortunately, I have not been able to discover what became of the Elizabeth baptized on 22/11/1772 (daughter of John and Elizabeth). Note that she was not the Elizabeth Jewell who married John Davis on 4/9/1788, because this Elizabeth was a widow.

An Elizabeth Jewell married William Eathorne in Wendron on 19/1/1811, but census records and her burial record suggest that she was born some time between 1788 and 1791. Perhaps she was the daughter of Wm and Jenifer Jewill baptized on 5/4/1789 in Crowan (although the 1851 and 1861 census records give her birthplace as Wendron).

Presuming that one of Elizabeths born in Wendron in 1777 married Richard Caddy, the other would appear to be Elizabeth Jewell from Wendron who married John Collins, a widower, in St Gluvias on 5/5/1799. The Cornwall OPC database has St Gluvias baptisms of several children of John and Elisabeth Collins or Collings: Elisabeth (16/10/1800), Mary Anne (20/5/1803), Jane (26/5/1805), Peggy (29/3/1807), Elisabeth (4/12/1808), James (3/2/1811) and Hannah (20/2/1814). A pauper named Elizabeth Collins was buried on 3/7/1818 in St Gluvias. Her age was given as 40, but no doubt she was actually 41.

My guess is that the illegitimate William Jewell baptized in 1795 was the son of the Elizabeth who went to St Gluvias. But it is only a guess.

The parents of Elisabeth Jewel baptized in Wendron on 4/6/1777 were named William and Anne. Perhaps they were the William Jewel and Ann Robarts who were married on 21/6/1762 in Wendron. This couple were presumably the parents of Ann Jewel, baptized on 22/5/1763, and Joanna Jewel, baptized on 22/9/1765. There was a Mary Jewel, daughter of William and Anne, baptized on 19/12/1779; presumably she was a sister of Elisabeth. Since there are no Wendron baptism records for any children of William and Ann(e) Jewel(l) in the years between 1765 and 1777, I conjecture that there were two different couples involved. However, I cannot find any other marriages of William Jewells to Anns. Furthermore, there was a William Jewell, son of William and Ann baptized in Gwennap on 6/8/1769, and it is definitely possible that this child was a brother to Ann, Joanna, Elisabeth and Mary.

There was a Johanna Jewel buried on 8/1/1773 in Wendron. This could well have been the Joanna baptized on 22/9/1765, but it could also have been the Joana Jewel, daughter of John and Allice, baptized on 21/1/1765 in Wendron.

A Johannah Jewell married John Moyle in Wendron on 6/10/1798. A John Moyle, son of John and Johannah, was baptized in Wendron on 5/4/1799; I have not been able to find any other children of this marriage. (However, I see now that Johanah Moyle witnessed the marriage of a William Jewell and an Elizabeth Moyle on 12/4/1828: see the online image.) A Johannah Moyle of Helston died in 1842, aged 74, buried on 28/4/1842 in Wendron. However, Joanna and Joana (both baptized in 1765) would actually have been a few years older than this.

Besides the daughter of William and Ann baptized in 1763, there were Anne Jewels baptized on 2/9/1770 (daughter of John and Blanch) and 1/4/1771 (daughter of Matthias and Elizabeth). One of these latter two must have been the 12 year old Ann buried on 19/6/1783, and presumably one of the others was the Ann Jewell whose infant daughter Mary was buried on 2/9/1804 in Wendron. I have not been able to find any marriage or burial record that is a convincing match for either of these Annes.

Interestingly, there is an 1841 census record of a household in Illogan whose two members are Anne Williams, aged 78, and Johanna Moyle, aged 75. Could these be the sisters Anne and Joanna Jewel, baptized in 1763 and 1765 respectively? An Ann Jewell married a John Williams on 19/2/1792 in Grade.

I conjecture that the Ann Robarts who married William Jewel in 1762 was the daughter of Daniel and Mary Roberts baptized on 21/8/1737 in Wendron, and also the Ann Jewell who died at age 84 and was buried on 21/4/1822 in Wendron. The burial record says that her residence was Illogan; perhaps she was originally from Wendron, moved to Illogan with her husband, and then returned to Wendron to stay with relatives when her husband died. But, with no other evidence linking the couple who married in 1762 with Illogan, it is also possible that the Ann who died in 1822 was a completely different person.

There was a William Jewel, son of William and Mary, baptized on 9/3/1734 in Wendron, and a William Jewel, son of William and Joan, baptized on 18/10/1736 in Wendron. I guess that one of these married Ann Roberts, although it must also be possible that Ann's husband was from Illogan. Presumably the William baptized in 1836 was the William who died in 1802 aged 65, and was buried on 20/4/1802. None of the Wendron burials exactly match the William baptized in 1734; it would suit my theories nicely if it were he that married Ann Roberts, and if he died in Illogan. But this is all just optimistic conjecture with negligible evidence in support.

I conjecture that one of the Wendron born Williams – most likely the one who died in 1802 – married a woman named Ann who was born in about 1748, and that she was the 78 year old Ann Jewell who was buried on 5/11/1826. The marriage may have taken place in about 1775 in Ann's home parish, but which parish that was I cannot guess. And I conjecture that this couple were the parents of Elizabeth, who married John Collins in St Gluvias, and Mary baptized on 19/12/1779.

Since the marriage of Elizabeth Jewell (or Juell) to Richard Caddy was witnessed by Absalom Juell (see the image above), and there is no clear evidence that Elizabeth the daughter of William and Anne was closely related to any Absalom, it seems highly probable that Richard Caddy's wife was the daughter of Absalom and Sarah, in accordance with the assertions of CCAF and the Jewell Family website.

Jewell relatives of Richard Caddy's wife

Elizabeth's parents, Absalom and Sarah Jewell, were married on 5/12/1773 in Wendron; the bride's maiden name was Tregonning. There are two Wendron baptism records that could match Elizabeth's father: Absalom and Catharine Jewel had a son named Absalom baptized on 25/10/1750, and Matthias and Grace Jewel had a son named Absolam baptized on 23/6/1754. It seems probable that the Absalom Jewell who was buried on 28/4/1831 in Wendron was the son of Absalom and Catharine, since the burial record gives his age as 80. There was also an 81 year old Sarah Jewell buried on 17/1/1831. It may be reasonable to surmise that these two were married to each other. So, without any real evidence, I believe that it was the son of Absalom and Catharine that married Sarah Tregonning.

William Richards married Margaret Tregoning Williams

As we shall see in the next section (below), besides witnessing the marriage of Elizabeth Jewell, Absalom Juell also witnessed the marriages of two of Elizabeth's sisters (in 1802 and 1807), and he also witnessed the marriage in 1805 of William Richards and Margaret Tregoning Williams. (FamilySearch's transcription of this marriage record has the bride's name wrong, as the online image shows.) From the signatures it seems highly probable that this was the same Absalom Juell on each occasion, and so surely he was the father of Elizabeth and the husband of Sarah Tregoning. So Elizabeth's father was still alive in 1807, at least, and could therefore well have been the Absalom who died in 1830, and hence (probably) the son of Absalom and Catharine.

I suppose that there is another weak argument to reject the 1854 Absolam in favour of the Absalom from 1850: it is more common for a bride and groom to be of similar ages than for the bride to be four years older than the groom.

Observe that on their Absalom Jewell page CCAF make the totally ridiculous assertion that Absalom was born in 1748 to a mother born in 1684!

There is no Wendron burial record that matches Absolam Jewel born in 1854. The 1790 census of North Carolina lists an Absalom Jewell as the head of a household in Hillsborough District, Chatham County. The household contained one free white male aged 16 or over (obviously Absalom himself), three free white males aged under 16, three free white females, no other free persons and no slaves. One can guess that one of the females was Absalom's wife and that they had five children. It seems perhaps possible that this Absalom was the son of Matthias and Grace born in 1754. He could have left England for North Carolina at the age of about 20, and could easily have acquired a wife and five children by 1790.

A Mathias Jewel and a Grace Pidler were married on 1/11/1730 in Wendron; a Matthias Jewel was buried on 29/9/1755 and a Grace Jewel was buried on 29/1/1858. Thus it looks as though the Absolam born in 1754 was orphaned at an early age. Perhaps he was assigned to the care of relatives who did not live in Wendron. Perhaps he ultimately went to America. Or perhaps he disappeared without trace. But I think that he was not Sarah Tregonning's husband.

The Sarah Tregonning who married Absalom Jewel in 1773 was presumably born between about 1745 and 1755, and there are only two Wendron baptism records that match. Joseph and Sarah Tregonning had a daughter Sarah baptized on 28/10/1746, but FamilySearch.org tell us that child died on 19/11/1746. Then Joseph and Sarah Tregonnen – who of course were the same people spelled differently – had a daughter Sarah baptized on 3/12/1850. Assuming that this is the person who later became Sarah Jewell, she lived about 6 weeks beyond her 81st birthday.

Delving back even further, with ever less likelihood of being right, we can conjecture that the parents of Sarah Jewell (née Tregonning) were the Joseph Tregonen and Sarah John who were married on 10/11/1736 in Wendron. The groom was from Breage. And the parents-in-law of Sarah Jewell were the Absolom Jewel and Catherine Davies who were married on 1/9/1745 in Wendron.

Absalom Jewel the elder died in 1795, at the age of 76. He was buried on 2/6/1795. His wife Catharine had died in 1779, buried on 4/5/1779, age not recorded.

Children of Absalom and Sarah Jewel

Baptism records exist for five children of Absalom and Sarah Jewell, as follows:

• Absalom, baptized 26/12/1773;
• Elizabeth, baptized 12/1/1777;
• Sarah, baptized 23/6/1781;
• Mary, baptized 19/10/1783;
• Catherine, baptized 6/8/1786.

My attempts to investigate these people have met with varying degrees of success.

— Absalom —

The son Absalom is another member of the long list of people for whom the baptism record is apparently the only record that exists.

— Catherine —

Catherine, the daughter of Absalom and Sarah Jewell baptized on 6/8/1786, was not the only Catherine Jewell baptized in Wendron in 1786: William and Mary Jewell had a daughter Catherine baptized on 16/4/1786. The Jewell Family website mentions that a Catherine Jewell married a George Niles on 10/12/1807 in Blisland, suggesting that possibly this Catherine was the daughter of Absalom and Sarah. I think it highly unlikely that George Nile's wife was either of the Wendron Catherines: Blisland is not very close to Wendron, and Jewell was a common name; there were surely other Catherine Jewells about who could have married George Niles. It should perhaps be noted that George Nile's bride was from St Breward.

Whoever George Nile's wife was, she was certainly not Catherine Jewell daughter of Absalom and Sarah, who died in 1797 aged 10, buried on 2/3/1797.

— Mary —

As well as Mary Jewell, the daughter of Absalom and Sarah baptized on 19/10/1783, and Mary Jewel, the daughter of William and Anne baptized on 19/12/1779, there were Mary Jewels or Jewells baptized in Wendron on the following dates: 2/7/1780 (daughter of John and Blanch), 15/8/1784 (daughter of William and Mary) and 12/6/1785 (daughter of John and Dorithy). The daughter of John and Blanch must have been the Mary, daughter of John, buried on 29/1/1781. Presumably none of the others died in childhood, because there are no other Wendron burial records to match. There was a 44 year old Mary Jewell who died in 1822 (buried 4/9/1822), but she could easily have been the wife of John Jewell, who married Mary Johns on 8/11/1805.

We still have four Mary Jewells to account for, and I have only found two Wendron marriages that help: a Mary Jewell married a Philip Jewell on 7/12/1816 and a Mary Jewel married a William Crocker on 18/5/1807. Fortunately, the Mary I am most interested in – Richard Caddy's sister-in-law – was probably the one that married William Crocker, because Absalom Juell was one of the witnesses.

William Crocker married Mary Jewel on 18/5/1870

There is an 1841 census record that shows a 52 year old copper miner named Philip Jewell and his 58 year old wife Mary living at Twelve Heads in Kenwyn. Perhaps we can deduce from her age that the Mary who married Philip Jewell was the daughter of William and Mary.

There are also census records corresponding to William and Mary Crocker.

Lancarrow, Wendron, 1841:
Name	Age	Occupation	Born in Cornwall?
William Crocker	50	Tin Miner	Yes
Mary Crocker	55		Yes
Elizabeth Crocker	20		Yes
Thomas Crocker	15	Copper Miner	Yes
Ann Crocker	15		Yes
Catherine Crocker	15		Yes
Catherine Temby	6		Yes

Gregwartha, Carnmenellis, 1851:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
William Crocker	Head	M	64	Tin Miner	St Ewe, Cornwall
Mary Crocker	Wife	M	68		Wendron, Cornwall
Catherine Crocker	Dau	U	24	At Home	Wendron, Cornwall
Catherine Temby	Grndau	U	16	At Home	Gwennap, Cornwall
Jane Thomas	Grndau		8	At Home	Wendron, Cornwall

Lancarrow, Carnmenellis, 1861:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Mary Crocker	Head	W	80		Wendron, Cornwall
Caroline Crocker	Dau	U	34	Copper Dressing	Wendron, Cornwall

Mary Crocker was buried on 26/10/1863, her age at death given as 83. If this age is correct then she could have been born as early as November 1779; on the other hand, if her age as given in the 1851 census is correct then she could have been born as late as March 1783. It seems quite likely that she was born at least several months before her baptism in October 1783.

— Sarah —

Sarah Jewell (baptized in 1781) married John Jenkin on 13/11/1802 in Wendron. Like her sister Elizabeth she signed her name on the marriage record, rather than just making a mark as most people – especially the women – did in those days, at least in Wendron. Absalom, presumably Sarah's father, was a witness to the marriage, as he was for the marriages of Sarah's sisters Elizabeth and Mary. Again Mr Grylls, in his wisdom, recorded the bride's surname as Jewell, despite the fact that the bride and her father both wrote Juell.

John Jenkin married Sarah Jewell on 13/11/1802

The following children of John and Sarah Jenkin were baptized in Wendron on the dates indicated: Catherine (9/1/1803), Sarah (11/3/1804), Thomasine (13/3/1808), John (3/6/1810), William (28/6/1812), Ann (30/10/1813), Ann (27/5/1817), William (27/6/1819), Mary (21/7/1821) and Edward (7/1/1826).

There is an 1851 census record of a household at Halwin, Wendron, consisting of two people: a 78 year old tin miner named John Jenkyn and his 73 year old wife Sarah. Both were born in Wendron. If Sarah's age is right then she would have been born in 1777 or 1778, which is uncomfortably far from Sarah Jewell's baptism date of 23/6/1781, but since I have not been able to find any other Wendron Sarah who married a John Jenkin, I am inclined to think that they are the right couple.

A Sarah Jenkin was buried on 10/4/1860 in Wendron, her age given as 82. This is in agreement with the age 73 in 1851, but would mean that she was 48 when her last child (Edward) was born.

Of course the ages given on records such as these are not to be trusted, but when two different records agree then the possibility that they are correct needs to be carefully considered. Now it is possible that Sarah Jewell was born in the first quarter of 1778 and not baptized until she was three years old. If so then perhaps her siblings were similarly aged at their baptisms. This would not apply to Absalom, who was baptized only three weeks after his parents' marriage, but the baptism of the next child, Elizabeth, was three years after the baptism of Absalom. It would therefore not surprise me if Elizabeth was actually born in 1775 or early in 1776, a couple of years after the birth of Absalom, and that Sarah was born another couple of years later, in late 1777 or early 1778. If this were so then she would have been about 25 when she was married, rather than the 21 that her baptism date might suggest. Probably the truth is somewhere in between.

The fact that Elizabeth's age at death was given as 33 might merely indicate that the cleric computed her age by taking the year of her baptism as the year of her birth.

A John Jenkin was buried on 3/2/1860 in Wendron, his age given as 86. This is in agreement with the age 78 at the 1851 census, if his birthday was in February or March, and this is certainly plausible since a John Jenkin, son of William and Mary, was baptized on 28/3/1773.

A search for John and Sarah Jenkin in the 1841 census reveals only one record that looks remotely right: at Halwen, Wendron, a household containing John Jenkin (50, tin miner), Sarah Jenkin (50), William Jenkin (20, tin miner), Mary Jenkin (15), Thomas Jenkin (12, tin miner) and Henry Jenkin (10, tin miner). Although the ages of John and Sarah are much too low, nevertheless I think that this must be the right household, because the John and Sarah in Halwin in 1851 had to be somewhere in 1841! But there are several puzzles regarding the children of John and Sarah.

At least the ages of William and Mary given at the 1841 census are correct for their baptism dates of 27/6/1819 and 21/7/1821. Mary was not quite 20. It is no surprise that William's older sisters, Catherine and Sarah, are not in their parents household in 1841: if they survived childhood then most likely they would have married, and possibly moved away from Wendron. But one would expect that their marriages would have been in Wendron, and I could not find any such marriages. Nor could I find any Wendron burials of appropriately aged Catherines or Sarahs.

The absence of John and Sarah's son Edward (born 1826) from their 1841 household is explained by a burial record: Edward Jenkin, aged 3, buried on 13/5/1829 in Wendron. (There were actually two Edward Jenkins baptized in Wendron in January 1826, but the other, a son of William and Elizabeth, was alive in 1841, in his parents' household.)

We still have to account for two girls (Thomasine and Ann) and explain the two extra boys (Thomas and Henry). As for Henry, I do not know who he was or what happened to him. But I think that I can answer the other questions.

• Ann (born 1817) married Stephen Toy on 24/8/1837 in Wendron. Note that although FamilySearch.org's transcription of the Wendron marriage register gives Ann's surname as Jenkins, FreeBMD's transcription of the civil registration record has it as Jenkin. In any case an image of the original record is now viewable on-line, and it is clear that the surname is Jenkin.

  Note also that the image confirms the name of Ann's father as John Jenkin.

  It is amusing that the officiating cleric, John Perry, Curate of Breage, recorded the bride's residence as Allwin rather than Halwin.

  Stephen Toy, the groom, was the son of a deceased Stephen Toy. This was probably the 46 year old Stephen Toy of Halwin who was buried on 11/7/1836; he was the son of Peter and Christian Toy who was baptized on 30/1/1791, and married Mary Hodge on 6/5/1811. Their son Stephen was baptized on 25/4/1813.

  Here is the 1851 census record for the household of Stephen and Ann Toy.

  Halwin, Wendron, 1851:
  Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
  Stephen Toy	Head	M	36	Farmer of 7 acres	Wendron
  Ann Toy	Wife	M	34		Wendron
  Stephen Toy	Son		13	Tin Miner	Wendron
  William Toy	Son		9	Tin Miner	Wendron
  Elizabeth Ann Toy	Dau		7	Scholar	Wendron
  Mary Toy	Dau		6	Scholar	Wendron
  Sarah Toy	Dau		5	Scholar	Wendron
  Mary Toy	Mother	W	65	Pauper	Wendron

  I have not yet attempted any further investigation of these people.

• Although Jenkin was a common name in the Wendron area, there were not many Thomasine Jenkins, and none that I have found of a similar age to the daughter of John and Sarah. So I think that we can identify her with the Thomasin Jenkin, mother of Thomas Henry Jenkin baptized on 12/1/1829 when Thomasin was an inmate of the Constantine Workhouse. And she was also surely the mother of Eliza Toy Jenkin baptized on 30/10/1831, at which time Thomasine was living at Halwin. At the 1841 census we find a 30 year old Thomasine Jenkin, and a 6 month old Nicholas Jenkin, in Falmouth Town Union Workhouse. A Nicholas Jenkin died in the Falmouth district in the September quarter of 1846. I can find no further trace of Eliza Toy Jenkin, but I believe that Thomas Henry survived. We shall return to him later, commenting only that I think that he was the Thomas in his mother's parents' household in 1841.

  At the 1851 census we find a household in Retanna, Wendron, consisting of a 56 year old unmarried stone mason named Edward Watts, his 58 year old unmarried sister Mary, a 44 year old unmarried servant named Tamerzine Jenkin and a two year old Edward Jenkin, described as the son of the head of the household. No doubt Edward Jenkin was Tamerzine's son, but was Edward Watts his father? Yes he was, and Mr Watts eventually did the right thing and married Tomasine Jenkin in the December quarter of 1860. In the 1861 census we find in Bowdernack, Wendron, a household consisting of 66 year old Edward Watts, now an agricultural labourer, his 53 year old wife Thomasine, and 12 year old son Edward (Watts). Here, at last, we probably have a record where Thomasine's age is correctly given! In the 1871 census record Edward and Thomasine are both described as paupers; they are the only two people in their household, Edward's age is given as 80 and Thomasine's as 67.

  Thomasine's husband Edward Watts was the son of Edward and Elizabeth Watts, baptized on 1/6/1795 in Wendron. His sister Mary was baptized on 2/9/1792. Mary died in 1866, she was buried on 2/2/1866 in Wendron, her age given as 74. Her brother died in 1871 and was buried on 25/5/1871 in Wendron. The COPC transcriber has written the deceased's age as 79 with a question mark, but now that an image of the register page is available online, we can see that the vicar actually wrote "age not stated, reputed to be 79 years". The civil record of the death gives the age as 89. In fact he would have been 76, almost exactly.

  Thomasine's death occurred in 1874; she was buried on 19/3/1874 in Wendron. This burial record gives her age as 80, and the civil record gives it as 78. In fact she would have been only 66. Despite the fact that the ages do not match I have no doubt that it is the right person.

• A William Jenkin married Elizabeth Toy on 27/6/1847 in Wendron. Subsequent census records show that William's age is right for him to be the son of John and Sarah. Strangely, in the 1851 census record of their household Elizabeth's surname is given as Toy rather than Jenkin, and William and Elizabeth are both listed as unmarried. The fact that Elizabeth had a daughter named Sarah Toy, born before the marriage, may have confused the census enumerator. But, even more strangely, William and Sarah's daughter Elizabeth Jane was registered as Elizabeth Jane Jenkin Toy, and this was in the June quarter of 1849, two years after the marriage. It is almost as though Elizabeth was making an heroic attempt to defy the customs of the day and retain her maiden name. However, in subsequent censuses Elizabeth and all the children were given the surname Jenkin.

  Halwin, Wendron, 1851:
  Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
  William Jenkin	Head	U	32	Tin Miner	Wendron
  Elizabeth Toy		U	34	House Keeper	Wendron
  Sarah Ann Toy		U	5		Wendron
  Elizabeth Toy		U	2		Wendron
  Edward Jenkin			5w		Wendron

  Hendra, Wendron, 1861:
  Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
  William Jenkin	Head	U	41	Tin Miner	Wendron
  Elizabeth Jenkin	Wife	U	42		Wendron
  Elizabeth Jane Jenkin	Dau	U	12	Tin Dresser	Wendron
  Mary Jenkin	Dau	U	8	Scholar	Wendron
  Edward Jenkin	Son		7	Scholar	Wendron
  Grace Jenkin	Dau	U	6	Scholar	Wendron
  Eliza Jenkin	Dau	U	5	Scholar	Wendron
  Alfred Jenkin	Son		2		Wendron
  Mary Toy	Mtrlaw	W	78	Formerly House Keeper	Wendron
  Grace Pascoe	Visitor	W	35	House Servant	Wendron

  Carnebone, Wendron, 1871:
  Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
  William Jenkin	Head	U	51	Tin Miner	Wendron
  Elizabeth Jenkin	Wife	U	51		Wendron
  Sarah A. Jenkin	Dau	U	26	House Keeper	Wendron
  Edward Jenkin	Son		17	Tin Miner	Wendron
  Grace Jenkin	Dau	U	16		Wendron
  Alfred Jenkin	Son	U	14	Tin Dresser	Wendron
  George P. Jenkin	Son		10	Tin Dresser	Wendron
  Bessie Jenkin	Grndau		7m		Wendron

  There is a record of the burial 26/12/1874 of a William Jenkin who was 55 when he died, but it gives his residence as Constantine, which does not seem right. It is true, however, that Carnebone is very close to the border of Wendron and Constantine parishes. There is also a record of the burial on 16/5/1872 of an Elizabeth Jenkin who was 61 when she died.

• Finally, we return to Thomasine's son Thomas Henry. The best match for him that I can find in the 1841 census is the Thomas in his grandparents household. In 1851 an unmarried 22 year old miner named Thomas H. Jenkin, born in Wendron, is a lodger in the household of one John Goldsworthy, at Callington. But it seems that he soon returned to Wendron: a Thomas Henry Jenkin married a Sarah Pascoe in the Helston district in the March quarter of 1855, and census records of 1861, 1871 and 1881 show them living at Halwin. In the 1861 record Thomas Henry appears as Henry, but it is clear that it is the same person.

  Halwin, Wendron, 1861:
  Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
  Henry Jenkin	Head	M	30	Tin Miner	Wendron
  Sarah Jenkin	Wife	M	29		Wendron
  Jane Pascoe	Visitor	U	20	Dressmaker	Wendron

  Halwin, Wendron, 1871:
  Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
  Thomas H. Jenkin	Head	M	43	Tin Miner	Wendron
  Sarah Jenkin	Wife	M	40		Wendron
  Richard N. Pascoe	Nephew		7	Scholar	Wendron

  Halwin, Wendron, 1881:
  Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
  Thomas H. Jenkin	Head	M	52	Tin Miner	Wendron
  Sarah Jenkin	Wife	M	48		Wendron
  Richard N. Pascoe	Nephew	U	16	Farmer	Wendron
  Richard Pascoe	Boarder	U	21	Tin Miner	Wendron

  It looks as though Thomas Henry and Sarah did not have any children.

  Thomas H. Jenkin died in 1885. He was buried on 5/2/1885 in Wendron, his age given as 56.

William and Dorothy Caddy

According to CCAF, William, father of Richard Caddy, was the son of William Caddy and Dorothy Thomas. This could well be correct, but I would dearly like to know what documentary evidence exists to support the claim.

I suspect that CCAF are relying on a record submitted to the LDS's Pedigree Resource File, according to which William Caddy and Dorothy Thomas were married on 27 May 1738 in Constantine, and William died in 1764 in Wendron. It is certainly true that a William Caddy, son of Richard Caddy, was baptized in Wendron on 27 September 1717, and it is certainly true that a William Caddy was buried in Wendron on 26/8/1764: see Wendron Baptisms, Marriages, Burials 1560–1812 image 272. Moreover, Dorithy Caddy, Widow, was buried on 4/9/1783 in Wendron, aged 67.

It is plausible Dorothy's maiden name was Thomas and that she married William Caddy in Constantine on 27 May 1738, but it would be nice to know the source of this information. Phillimore's list of Constantine marriages does not include it. Phillimore deplores a "hiatus between 1710 and 1746" in the Constantine parish register record; for the missing 36 years Phillimore says "29 have been supplied from the Bodmin transcripts", but he has no data for the years 1737 to 1740. FamilySearch.org and the Constantine OPC are similarly missing these years. So where the author of the Pedigree Resource File submission got his or her information from baffles me.

The Pedigree Resource File submission says that Dorothy Thomas was born in Constantine in 1716; no doubt the year of birth was computed from the Wendron information that she was 67 in 1783. There was a Dorothy Thomas baptized on 1/4/1719 in Constantine, and this is a reasonable match. But I have to regard as unproved the theory that William Caddy's wife Dorothy was Dorothy Thomas of Constantine.

Furthermore, there appears to be no baptism record to show that William and Dorothy had a son named William. There are Wendron baptisms records for the following children of William and Dorothy Caddy:

• Henry (30 Jan 1740),
• Dorothy (18 Oct 1743),
• John (30 Jan 1745),
• Charity (1 Nov 1748),
• Richard (5 May 1751),
• Mary (26/6/1757),
• Elizabeth (2/8/1761).

If the William who married Alice Pryor was another son of this couple then presumably he was the eldest child, since he was surely born before 1751 (given that he was married in 1764), and up to that time the children had been coming along every three years or so. There would scarcely have been room to fit another child in. Moreover, according to the record of William's burial he was 62 in May 1799, meaning a birth date between May 1736 and May 1737. But this does not sit very well with the claimed date for his parents' marriage (in 1738). The Pedigree Resource File submission gives 1740 as the year of William's birth, which looks like a guess.

The one thing that makes it look as though the Pedigree Resource File submission may have some substance is the fact that the marriage date is given so precisely: 27 May 1738. This was surely not just invented, it must have come from somewhere. But where?

If we accept that William and Dorothy Caddy of Wendron were married on 27 May 1738, this in some way undermines the claim that they were the parents of the William who married Alice Pryor, since his burial record would have us believe that he was born in 1736 or 1737.

Leaving these questions unresolved, let us turn our attention to the known children of William and Dorothy.

There is a six year gap between Richard and Mary. It is perhaps worth noting that James Caddy, the son of William and Christian baptized on 28/7/1754 fits right in the middle of this gap. This leads me to wonder if possibly the name of James' mother was somehow misrecorded, and was actually Dorothy rather than Christian.

I have not been able to find any evidence that William and Dorothy's son John ever married, but their sons Henry and Richard did, and produced a large number of Caddy children that serve to complicate the picture. If I have identified people correctly, then Henry married Ann Mitchell on 28/6/1765, and Richard married Prudence Dunstone on 3/7/1774. Richard and Prudence had the following children (baptized on the dates given):

• Prudence (26/12/1774),
• John (25/7/1776),
• Prudence (13/10/1778),
• Anne (9/12/1781),
• James (30/3/1783),
• Elizabeth (30/10/1785),
• Mary (1/2/1789),
• Richard (11/11/1792).

Henry and Ann had the following children:

• Peter (3/11/1765),
• William (22/2/1770),
• Mary (7/7/1771),
• James (17/5/1777),
• John (17/5/1777)
• Elizabeth (6/8/1780).

Allegedly there was also a Henry Caddy with a wife named Elizabeth who had a son named William baptized on 22/4/1774. Again I am led to wonder if the mother's name has been misrecorded, since this baptism fits halfway between those of Mary and the twins John and James, children of William and Ann. I have not been able to find any other evidence of a couple named William and Elizabeth Caddy living in Wendron at about this time.

James Caddy, the son of William and Christian baptized in 1754, was probably the James Caddy who married Grace Toy in Wendron on 14/7/1776. James and Grace apparently had the following children:

• Constance (10/11/1776),
• John (5/10/1778),
• Dorothy (7/11/1780),
• Grace (2/11/1783),
• John (16/3/1785),
• Margaret (4/11/1787),
• James (8/2/1789),
• Margaret (9/9/1792),
• William (11/1/1795),
• Grace (3/3/1799).

We have already seen that a Richard Caddy – presumably the son of Richard and Prudence – died in 1804, aged 12. Obviously Prudence, the first daughter of Richard and Prudence, must have died in infancy; in fact, according to FamilySearch.org she died on 4/8/1775. Similarly, three of the sons of Henry and Ann died in infancy: William died on 27/3/1770, James died on 14/6/1777, John died on 18/2/1781. And the daughters of James and Grace named Margaret and Grace all died in childhood: the first Grace died on 16/1/1798, the second Grace died on 25/1/1807, the first Margaret died on 17/3/1788, the second Margaret died on 16/1/1798. No doubt their first John (1778) also died before the birth of the second (1785).

In fact I regard it as regrettable that FamilySearch.org presents the above information in the way they do. Some transcriber has consulted the baptism register and the burial register simultaneously, and on some occasions has put two and two together. For example, he or she found an entry in the baptism register saying "Prudence dau^r of Richard Caddy and Prudence baptized Decem^r 26^th, 1774" (see Wendron Baptisms, Marriages, Burials, 1560–1812 image 132), and an entry in the burial register saying "Prudence dau^r of Richard Caddy was buried Aug^st 4^th, 1775" (see Wendron Baptisms, Marriages, Burials, 1560–1812 image 281), and has made the natural inference. This is OK if the transcriber inserts "probably" or "I expect that this person is the same as ...", but FamilySearch are presenting deductions as though they are facts. Every now and then an error will occur.

One very minor point is that the death dates above are all actually burial dates.

An entry in the Wendron burial register seems to prove true my suspicion that James (born in 1754) was a son of William and Dorothy. Richard, the son of William and Dorothy baptized on May 5th 1751 and (presumably) the husband of Prudence Dunstone, was surely the Richard Caddy who died at age 47 and was buried on 22/1/1798. The burial register has a note saying that he was the uncle of Grace and Margaret Caddy, the daughters of James Caddy who had been buried 6 days earlier. Thus Richard and James were brothers. (We can surely discount the idea that they may have just been half brothers: William could not have been simultaneously married to both Dorothy and Christian!)

Prudence Caddy, Richard Caddy's wife, died aged 48 and was buried on 12/5/1795. Her brother-in-law James Caddy died at age 45 and was buried on 8/9/1799. I suspect that James' widow was the Grace Caddy who died at age 75 and was buried on 29/4/1823. Very likely she was the daughter of Francis and Grace Toy baptized on 26 Jun 1748.

Children of William and Alice Caddy

In the section on the Caddy relatives of Richard (see above) we identified marriage details for four of Richard Caddy's sisters and two, or perhaps three, or maybe only one, of his brothers. We now investigate these people further.

— Elizabeth, daughter of William and Alice —

I think that that Elizabeth Caddy, the daughter of William and Alice born in 1766, married William Richards on 9/8/1794 in Wendron. William and Elizabeth Richards had children named William (baptized 29/5/1795), William (baptized 18/12/1796) and Ann (baptized 20/2/1799).

A 40 year old Elizabeth Richards was buried on 16/3/1806 in Wendron.

— William, possibly son of William and Alice —

The son of William and Alice named William may have died in 1770. The other possibility, perhaps less likely, is that he married Catherine Roberts on 31/10/1790. This couple had children named William Caddy (baptized 28/9/1791 and buried 7/4/1803), Eleanor Caddy (baptized 15/7/1798 and buried 29/9/1803), Catherine Roberts Caddy (baptized 15/3/1795), Susannah Caddy (baptized 15/7/1798 and buried 29/9/1803) and John Caddy (baptized 20/4/1800 and buried 30/11/1809).

A Catherine Caddy, possibly Catherine Roberts Caddy, married a James Rogers in Wendron on 22/8/1815.

— Charity, daughter of William and Alice —

I believe that Charity Caddy, the daughter of William and Alice born in 1778, married Richard Oliver on 17/2/1803 in Wendron. Probably Richard was the son of Thomas and Elizabeth Oliver, baptized in Wendron on 28/6/1778. Richard and Charity Oliver had children named Richard (baptized 26/8/1803), Charity (baptized 1/12/1805), Elizabeth (baptized 26/4/1807), William (baptized 20/4/1809), Mary (baptized 27/10/1811), Josephus (baptized 23/8/1814), James (baptized 20/4/1818) and Ann (baptized 23/9/1823).

The son William could well have been the 18 year old William Oliver who was buried on 23/12/1827 in Wendron. I cannot trace the daughter Charity, but I think that the rest of the family were alive in 1841 and living in Menhey, Wendron. Here are the census records.

Menhey, Wendron, 1841:
Name	Age	Occupation	Born in Cornwall?
Richard Oliver	60	Tin Miner	Yes
Charity Oliver	60		Yes
Mary Oliver	25		Yes
Josephus Oliver	25	Tin Miner	Yes
James Oliver	20	Tin Miner	Yes

Menhey, Wendron, 1841:
Name	Age	Occupation	Born in Cornwall?
Richard Oliver	35	Shoe Maker	Yes
Mary Oliver	30		Yes
William Oliver	9		Yes

Menhey, Wendron, 1841:
Name	Age	Occupation	Born in Cornwall?
John Wearn	30	Tin Miner	Yes
Elizabeth Wearn	30		Yes
Elizabeth Wearn	8		Yes
Daniel Wearn	5		Yes
John Wearn	1		Yes
Ann Oliver	15		Yes

Richard the Shoe Maker is probably the Richard Oliver who married Mary Pearce in Wendron on 23/5/1830. He is the right age to be the son of Richard the Tin Miner. Ann Oliver in the Wearn household is the right age to be the Ann baptized in 1823, and the 30 year old Elizabeth Wearn can be identified with the Elizabeth Oliver baptized in 1807. In fact Elizabeth Oliver married John Wearne on 24/12/1832. Additional confirmation that we have identified people correctly is provided by 1851 census data: it appears that the Daniel Wearn above was Richard and Charity Oliver's grandson.

Menehey, Wendron, 1851:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Richard Oliver	Head	M	72	Tin Miner	Wendron, Cornwall
Charity Oliver	Wife	M	71		Wendron, Cornwall
Mary Oliver	Dau	U	34	Agricultural Labourer	Wendron, Cornwall
Ann Oliver	Dau	U	25	Agricultural Labourer	Wendron, Cornwall
Joseph Oliver	Son	U	32	Agricultural Labourer	Wendron, Cornwall
Daniel Wearne	Grandson	U	15	Tin Dresser	Wendron, Cornwall

Menehey, Wendron, 1851:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
John Wearne	Head	M	39	Tin Miner	Wendron, Cornwall
Elizabeth Wearne	Wife	M	43		Wendron, Cornwall
Elizabeth Wearne	Dau	U	18	Tin Dresser	Wendron, Cornwall
John Wearne	Son		11	Tin Dresser	Wendron, Cornwall
Jane Wearne	Dau		8		Wendron, Cornwall
Charity Wearne	Dau		7		Wendron, Cornwall
Mary Wearne	Dau		4		Wendron, Cornwall

Menehey, Wendron, 1851:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Richard Oliver	Head	M	47	Shoe Maker Master	Wendron, Cornwall
Mary Oliver	Wife	M	41		Wendron, Cornwall
William Oliver	Son	U	18	Agricultural Labourer	Wendron, Cornwall
Richard Oliver	Son		8		Wendron, Cornwall
John Oliver	Son		2		Wendron, Cornwall

James Oliver married Elizabeth Ball in the 2nd quarter of 1844. At the time of the 1851 census James and Elizabeth, and their three children, were living in Falmouth in the household of Elizabeth's widowed mother.

Erisey Terrace, Falmouth, 1851:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Elizabeth Ball	Head	W	54	Tailoress	Covenhithe, Suffolk
James Oliver	Son in law	M	32	Tin Miner	Wendron, Cornwall
Elizabeth Oliver	Dau	M	35		Falmouth, Cornwall
Agnes Ann Oliver	Granddau	U	6	Scholar	Wendron, Cornwall
Sarah Jane Oliver	Granddau	U	4	Scholar	Wendron, Cornwall
Joseph Oliver	Grandson	U	1		Falmouth, Cornwall

Charity Oliver was buried on 2/1/1854 in Wendron. The burial record says that she was 77, which is not really compatible with Charity Caddy's baptism date of 14/6/1778, or with Charity Oliver's age as reported in the 1851 census, namely 71. Nevertheless I am confident that it is the same person, since there was no other similarly aged Charity Oliver in Wendron at the time. It seems likely that Charity's husband was the 89 year old Richard Oliver who was buried on 8/12/1867.

— James, son of William and Alice —

There were two James Caddys baptized in Wendron in 1783: besides the son of William and Alice baptized on 14/9/1783, there was also the son of Richard and Prudence baptized 30/3/1783. There is also the danger of confusing these with James the son of James and Grace Caddy baptized on 8/2/1789.

There was at least one further similarly aged James Caddy in the same general area at about this time, and maybe more than that. There was a relatively prominent James Caddy who married Alice Pascoe in Helston on 7/2/1809. He was a draper and a farmer, and he died in 1843. There is some information about the contents of his will on the Cornwall Records Office website, and a death notice in the West Briton and Cornwall Advertiser. This death notice gives his age as 59, so that he was, most likely, born in 1783.

We know that James son of William and Alice married Elizabeth Toy in Constantine on 21/12/1804. So presumably he did not also marry Alice Pascoe, and was therefore not the draper and farmer. I suppose that it is conceivable that the son of Richard and Prudence went to Helston and became a draper and farmer, but I have not seen any evidence to support this idea. I conjecture that the draper and farmer was someone else, though I do not have any conjecture about his parentage. Note that there was a James Caddy, son of William and Mary baptized on 11/5/1783 in Gunwalloe, and a James Caddy, son of James and Mary, baptized on 5/6/1787 in Manaccanan.

A James Caddy married Grace Collins in Wendron on 20/12/1812. The most natural guess is that this James was either the son of Richard and Prudence (baptized in 1783) or the son of James and Grace (baptized in 1789). I have changed my mind several times, but at present my preferred guess is that it was the son of James and Grace. Whichever one it was, the fate of the other is unknown (to me).

We can at least be certain that the James who married Elizabeth Toy, the James who married Alice Pascoe, and the James who married Grace Collins, were three different people. The signatures of the first two were quite different, while the third marked, rather than signed, his marriage registration.

James Caddy married Elizabeth Toy on 21/12/1804

James Caddy married Alice Pascoe on 7/2/1809

James Caddy married Grace Collins on 20/12/1812

For the present we confine our attention to the James who married Elizabeth Toy. The others will be discussed in a later section (below).

I think that Elizabeth Toy, wife of James Caddy, was probably the daughter of Peter Toy and Mary Grigg baptized on 9/7/1786 in Constantine. I suppose that another possibility is that she was the daughter of Peter and Christian Toy baptized on 25/12/1785 in Wendron. Certainly James' bride would have been about 18 to 20 years old, while James was 21.

There are baptism records for two children whose parents were probably the James and Elizabeth Caddy married in 1804: Alice, baptized in Wendron on 10/7/1805, and Elizabeth, baptized in Wendron on 30/11/1806. I am guessing that the James Caddy who died in 1806, aged 22, buried on 12/5/1806 in Wendron, was Elizabeth's husband. Note that James son of Richard and Prudence would have already been 23 by 12/5/1806, though James son of William and Alice would have been 22. The fact that the daughter born in 1805 was named Alice may also be an indication that her father's mother was named Alice.

I am conjecturing also that the widowed Elizabeth was the Elizabeth Caddy who married Thomas Combellack in Wendron on 25/4/1818. I was unable to find any records of children of Thomas and Elizabeth Combellack, nor could I find them in the 1841 census. There was a 45 year old Elizabeth Combellack of Constantine buried on 28/6/1831 in Wendron, and a 42 year old Thomas Combellack was buried on 7/3/1838 in Wendron, but whether or not these are the right people is, at best, unclear.

It appears that Alice, daughter of James and Elizabeth, married James Gill in Wendron on 9/2/1822. To add to possible confusion there was also an Alice Gill, wife of Peter, living in Wendron at the same time. This second Alice Gill and her husband appear in 1841 census records, but it seems that Alice wife of James died in 1826, aged 20, and was buried on 12/6/1826 in Wendron. I have found no records of any children of James and Alice.

James and Elizabeth's second daughter, Elizabeth, married Edward Gill on 26/3/1826. Whether Edward Gill was James Gill's brother I do not know, because I cannot find any baptism record, even though he was apparently born in Wendron (according to the 1851 census). Edward and Elizabeth Gill had twelve children: James Caddy (baptized 27/7/1827), Edward (baptized 24/2/1829), Alice (baptized 14/2/1830), Elizabeth (baptized 20/5/1832), Thomas (baptized 18/2/1834), Grace (baptized 14/4/1835), Mary Jane (baptized 2/5/1859, aged 22 years), Ann (baptized 19/11/1838), John (baptized 29/5/1840), Eliza (baptized 14/1/1842), Priscilla (baptized 23/8/1844) and Peter (baptized 11/5/1846). The daughter Grace died at age 12 and was buried on 26/3/1848; the son Peter died at age 4 and was buried on 11/2/1850.

Here are the 1841, 1851 and 1861 census records for the household.

Trusall, Wendron, 1841:
Name	Age	Occupation	Born in Cornwall?
Edward Gill	35	Tin Miner	Yes
Elizabeth Gill	30		Yes
James Gill	12	Tin Miner	Yes
Edward Gill	10	Tin Miner	Yes
Alice Gill	9		Yes
Elizabeth Gill	7		Yes
Thomas Gill	6		Yes
Grace Gill	5		Yes
Mary Gill	4		Yes
Ann Gill	2		Yes
John Gill	1		Yes

Treloquithack, Wendron, 1851:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Edwan Gill	Head	M	47	Tin Miner	Wendron, Cornwall
Elizabeth Gill	Wife	M	44		Constantine, Cornwall
James Gill	Son	U	22	Tin Dresser	Wendron, Cornwall
Edwan Gill	Son	U	21	Tin Dresser	Wendron, Cornwall
Alice Gill	Dau	U	20	Tin Dresser	Wendron, Cornwall
Elizabeth Gill	Dau	U	18	Tin Dresser	Wendron, Cornwall
Thomas Gill	Son	U	17	Tin Dresser	Wendron, Cornwall
Mary Jane Gill	Dau	U	14	Tin Dresser	Wendron, Cornwall
Ann Gill	Dau	U	12	Tin Dresser	Wendron, Cornwall
John Gill	Son	U	10	Tin Dresser	Wendron, Cornwall
Eliza Gill	Dau	U	9		Wendron, Cornwall
Pricilla Gill	Dau	U	7		Wendron, Cornwall

2 Treloquithack, Wendron, 1861:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
John Gill	Head	U	35	Tin Miner	Wendron, Cornwall
James Gill	Brother	U	30	Tin Miner	Wendron, Cornwall
Alice Gill	Sister	U	29	Housekeeper	Wendron, Cornwall
Ann Gill	Sister	U	22	Tin Dresser	Wendron, Cornwall
Eliza Gill	Sister	U	19	Tin Dresser	Wendron, Cornwall
Precila Gill	Sister	U	16	Tin Dresser	Wendron, Cornwall
Eliza Jane Gill	Niece	U	6	Schollar	Wendron, Cornwall

The parents Edward and Elizabeth died between 1851 and 1861: Edward was buried on 11/8/1852 (aged 48), and Elizabeth was buried on 20/5/1860 (age given as 56, possibly a transcription error for 54). It is remarkable that James Caddy Gill, who was baptized the year after his parents were married, and who had appeared to be the eldest child, has suddenly in 1861 acquired an elder brother bearing the same name (John) as his youngest brother. I do not believe it. Perhaps the 1861 census enumerator accidentally interchanged the names "John" and "James". Note that James' age should have been 32 and John's should have been 20. James died in 1870, buried on 10/11/1870 in Wendron.

In 1861 Elizabeth Gill was a House Servant at Carvannel Farm in Illogan, the household of one Henry Paull. Elizabeth gave her age as 25, which was a little lie since she was actually 28.

Eliza Jane Gill, in the 1861 census record above, was Alice's daughter. She was baptized in Sithney on 20/3/1859, when she was four years old.

The marriage of Alice Gill to a Henry Williams was registered in Helston in the first quarter of 1864. Henry's parents were Henry Williams and Harriet Wills, who were married in the Helston district in the last quarter of 1840; their son Henry was baptized on 7/7/1844 in Mullion, and they also had two daughters named Elizabeth Jane, the first baptized on 25/5/1841 and buried three days later, the second baptized on 22/5/1842. Harriet died in 1846, buried on 6/12/1846. The 1851 census record for widower Henry's household gives the ages of his two children as 8 and 6, indicating that they were baptized as young infants. Thus Alice Gill was 14 years older than the man she married.

Here are the 1871, 1881 and 1891 census records for the household of Henry and Alice Williams.

Treloquithack, Wendron, 1871:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Henry Williams	Head	M	28	Ag Lab	Mullion, Cornwall
Alice Williams	Wife	M	40		Wendron, Cornwall
Edward Hy Williams	Son		7		Wendron, Cornwall
Elizabeth M Williams	Dau		5		Wendron, Cornwall
Thomas John Williams	Son		3		Wendron, Cornwall
Eliza Gill	Sislaw	U	28	Worker At Mine Stamps	Wendron, Cornwall
Priscilla Gill	Sislaw	U	25	Worker At Mine Stamps	Wendron, Cornwall
Eliza J Gill	Daulaw	U	16	Worker in Fields	Wendron, Cornwall
Joseph Hy Gill	Nephew		4		Wendron, Cornwall
Mary C Gill	Niece		1		Wendron, Cornwall

Trelequecthock, Wendron, 1881:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Henrey Williams	Head	M	30	Labrour	Mullion, Cornwall
Alice Williams	Wife	M	49		Wendron, Cornwall
Edward H Williams	Son	U	17	Labrour	Wendron, Cornwall
Eliztt M Williams	Dau		14	Scholar	Wendron, Cornwall
Thomas John Williams	Son		13	Scholar	Wendron, Cornwall

Treloquithack, Wendron, 1891:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Henry Williams	Head	M	50	Farm Labourer(Em'ee)	Mullion, Cornwall
Alice Williams	Wife	M	60		Wendron, Cornwall
Edward H Williams	Son	U	27		Wendron, Cornwall

Elizabeth Gill also, like her sister Alice, married a man much younger than herself. Her husband, Robert George, was the son of a Coal Porter named Robert George and his wife Mary; his birth was registered in the Redruth district in the last quarter of 1842. Elizabeth and Robert were married on 5/11/1861 in Wendron. According to the marriage record (see the online image), bride and groom were both aged 20, though by the 1881 census Elizabeth was admitting to being seven years older than Robert.

Mary Jane Gill married Francis James Richards, a journeyman cordwainer, in the Chapel of Helston on 24/1/1861. An image of the marriage record is available online, and it shows that Francis' father was also named Francis Richards, and was also a cordwainer. As one would hope, the record states that Mary Jane's father was a miner named Edward Gill. Bride and groom were both aged 23.

The 1861 census shows Francis James and Mary Jane living in Helston on Wendron Street, both aged 23 and born in Wendron. However, Francis was surely the Francis James Richards who was baptized in Helston on 5/2/1838, the son of Francis Richards (a cordwainer) and his wife Catherine.

According to a message posted to RootsWeb Cornish-L Archives the younger Edward Gill (b. 1829) married Jane Barnicoat in 1866 and emigrated to Victoria, Australia, arriving in June 1866. I have not personally checked all of the information contained in this message, but most of it is confirmed by the Victorian record of Edward Gill's death, which I have obtained.

Where and when died:	27th January 1891, Webster Street, City of Sandhurst, County Bendigo
Name and Surname, Rank or Profession:	Edward Gill, Miner
Sex and Age:	Male, 60 years
Cause of Death, Duration of last Illness, Medical Attendant by whom certified, and When he last saw Deceased:	Cancer of the stomach, 8 weeks, James Eadie, 24th January 1891
Name and Surname of Father and Mother, if known, with Rank or Profession:	Edward Gill, Miner, Elizabeth Gill, formerly Caddy
Signature, Description and Residence of the Informant:	Thomas Gill, brother, Webster Street, Sandhurst
Signature of Deputy Registrar, Date and Where Registered:	M. W. Buchan, 28th January 1891, Sandhurst
IF BURIAL REGISTERED
When and where buried, Undertaker by whom certified:	29th January 1891, Sandhurst Cemetery, Thomas Sayer
Name and Religion of Minister, or Names of Witnesses of Burial:	George Redpath, John Redpath
Where born, and how long in the Australian colonies, stating which:	Cornwall England, 35 years in Victoria
IF DECEASED WAS MARRIED
Where, and at what age, and to whom:	(1st) Cornwall England, 36 years, Jane Barnicoette (2nd) Sandhurst, 53 years, Sarah Keast
Issue in order of Birth, their Names and Ages:	Edward (dead)

The number of years in Victoria should presumably be 25 rather than 35. Maybe someone subtracted 1866 from 1891 and got the wrong answer. Edward was certainly in England when he married Jane Barnicoat in the first quarter of 1866.

Note that Edward's brother Thomas was living in Victoria in 1891. One of Thomas' descendants has passed on some more information, notably that Edward and Thomas' brother John also ended up in Victoria. So I also obtained the death records for Thomas and John.

Where and when died:	25th March 1889, Webster Street, City of Sandhurst, County Bendigo
Name and Surname, Rank or Profession:	John Gill, Farmer
Sex and Age:	Male, 48 years
Cause of Death, Duration of last Illness, Medical Attendant by whom certified, and When he last saw Deceased:	Pulmonary phthisis, 3 years, H. L. Atkinson M.D., 23rd March 1889
Name and Surname of Father and Mother, if known, with Rank or Profession:	Edward Gill, Miner, Elizabeth Gill, formerly Caddy
Signature, Description and Residence of the Informant:	F. Richards, nephew, Nettle Street, Sandhurst
Signature of Deputy Registrar, Date and Where Registered:	M. W. Buchan, 25th March 1889, Sandhurst
IF BURIAL REGISTERED
When and where buried, Undertaker by whom certified:	26th March 1889, Sandhurst Cemetery, Thomas Sayer
Name and Religion of Minister, or Names of Witnesses of Burial:	George Redpath, John Redpath
Where born, and how long in the Australian colonies, stating which:	Cornwall England, 2 years in New Zealand, 21 years in Victoria
IF DECEASED WAS MARRIED
Where, and at what age, and to whom:	Sandhurst, 27 years, Amelia Pearson
Issue in order of Birth, their Names and Ages:	John James, 19 years

Where and when died:	11th July 1894, Myers Creek, Nerring, Borough of Eaglehawk, County of Bendigo
Name and Surname, Rank or Profession:	Thomas Gill, Farmer
Sex and Age:	Male, 60 years
Cause of Death, Duration of last Illness, Medical Attendant by whom certified, and When he last saw Deceased:	Cancer of the stomach, about 12 months, Dr P. H. McGillivray, 30th June 1894
Name and Surname of Father and Mother, if known, with Rank or Profession:	Edward Gill, Miner, Elizabeth Gill, Not Known
Signature, Description and Residence of the Informant:	Alfred Ernest Gill, Son, Myers Creek
Signature of Deputy Registrar, Date and Where Registered:	Nancy Morris, 16th July 1894, Eaglehawk
IF BURIAL REGISTERED
When and where buried, Undertaker by whom certified:	17th July 1894, Bendigo Cemetery, Thomas Sayer
Name and Religion of Minister, or Names of Witnesses of Burial:	George Bunney, J Redpath
Where born, and how long in the Australian colonies, stating which:	Wendron Cornwall England, 38 years in Victoria
IF DECEASED WAS MARRIED
Where, and at what age, and to whom:	Ballarat, 28 years, Elizabeth Ann Bosanko
Issue in order of Birth, their Names and Ages:	Eva 25 years, Elizabeth dead, William dead, James dead, Louisa Jane 21 years, Thomas Edward 19 years, Alfred Ernest 16 years, James Mitchell 12 years, Percival William 9 years

I am told that Elizabeth Ann Bosanko, whom Thomas married in 1865, was born in Gwennap. She was 20 at the time of their marriage; his age was more like 31 than 28. Elizabeth was the daughter of William and Grace Bosanko, and she was baptized on 11/5/1845.

The fact that the informant of John Gill's death was an F. Richards, who was John's nephew, suggested that John's sister Mary Jane and her husband Francis Richards also migrated to Victoria. And it transpires that indeed they did. The record of Mary Jane's death is as follows.

Where and when died:	25th December 1908, N. 217 Don Street, City of Bendigo, County Bendigo
Name and Surname, Rank or Profession:	Mary Jane Richards, Widow of Bootmaker
Sex and Age:	Female, 71 years
Cause of Death, Duration of last Illness, Medical Attendant by whom certified, and When he last saw Deceased:	Malignant disease of the breast, Diarrhoea, vomiting, 1 year. Dr H. A. Deravin M.B., 24th December 1908
Name and Surname of Father and Mother, if known, with Rank or Profession:	Edward Gill, Miner, Elizabeth Gill, formerly Caddy
Signature, Description and Residence of the Informant:	F. J. Richards, Son, 217 Don Street Bendigo
Signature of Deputy Registrar, Date and Where Registered:	M. W. Buchan, 29th December 1908, Bendigo
IF BURIAL REGISTERED
When and where buried, Undertaker by whom certified:	27th December 1908, Bendigo Cemetery, Frederick William Farmer
Name and Religion of Minister, or Names of Witnesses of Burial:	Thomas McLay, George Redpath
Where born, and how long in the Australian colonies, stating which:	Wendron Cornwall England, 42 years in Victoria
IF DECEASED WAS MARRIED
Where, and at what age, and to whom:	Helston Cornwall England, 23 years, Francis James Richards
Issue in order of Birth, their Names and Ages:	Francis James 44 years, John dead, John dead, Mary Jane 40 years, Ann Catherine dead

— Mary, daughter of William and Alice —

Mary Caddy, the daughter of William and Alice born in 1769, married James Treloar on 13/5/1799 in Wendron. James and Mary Treloar had children named William (baptized 15/12/1799), Elizabeth (baptized 10/4/1802), Mary (baptized 28/9/1806), James Caddy (baptized 26/11/1809) and Thomas (baptized 18/3/1815). There was also an infant daughter of James Treloar buried on 22/4/1801. A 50 year old Mary Treloar was buried on 19/3/1820 in Wendron. Probably her husband was the 63 year old James Treloar who was buried on 13/3/1836. Presumably the 56 year old William Treloar who was buried on 7/5/1856 was their son. A substantial amount of information on the Treloars of Wendron has been posted on a website prepared by Patricia Taggart, which, in particular, has a James Treloar page.

James Caddy Treloar married Elizabeth Caddy in Wendron on 1/12/1836. The 1851 census indicates that Elizabeth was born in Wendron in 1813 or 1814, and so it is quite likely that she was James' first cousin, the daughter of Henry and Thomasine Caddy baptized on 21/11/1813. The 1851 census record for their household shows children James (12), William (9), Mary (7) and Henry (4). There are baptism records for James (7/1/1838), Elizabeth (30/3/1840, died 1845, buried 18/11/1845), William (24/5/1842), Henry (7/2/1847) and Mary (23/7/1848). So Mary was not baptized until she was four years old.

According to a web page Treloar surname of family tree: 'The Hannagan Family and beyond', James Caddy Treloar died on 26/11/1889 at Allendale North, near Kapunda in South Australia. There was another James Caddy Treloar, presumably a grandson of the first one, born on 1/1/1899 at Echunga, South Australia. He enlisted in the AIF on 22/8/1918, but the war ended before he could be sent off to fight. According to his service record, his parents were William and Mary Treloar, his mother's maiden name being Pate.

— Henry, son of William and Alice —

Richard's youngest brother Henry was probably the Henry Caddy who married Thomasine Goldsworthy on 25/5/1806. There are Wendron baptisms for the following children of Henry and Thomasine: Thomasine (26/4/1807), Elizabeth (20/4/1809, died 29/8/1811), William (24/5/1811), Elizabeth (21/11/1813), Mary (16/10/1816), Catherine (12/4/1819), Henry (7/8/1821), James (25/12/1823), Alice (7/10/1826) and Richard (15/4/1831, died 11/4/1835).

At the 1841 census we find a household consisting of Henry and Thomasine Caddy (ages of both given as 50, meaning at least 50 and less than 55), Henry Caddy (15), James Caddy (14), Alice Caddy (12) and Edward Pryor (15). Henry and the three boys are all described as Tin Miners. Note that Richard Caddy's brother Henry would actually have been 55 on census day 1841, but it looks as though the census record was wrong about the age of Thomasine's husband, since he was probably the 62 year old Henry Caddy who died in 1847, buried on 14/11/1847 in Wendron.

Thomasine Caddy died at age 65 and was buried on 30/5/1849. From her age we can deduce that she was probably the daughter of John and Catherine Goldsworthy baptized on 14/3/1784 in Wendron.

— Grace, alias Alice, daughter of William and Alice —

I have conjectured that Grace Caddy (born 1787) became known as Alice, and married William Penaluna on 24/2/1807. I believe that they had the following children: Alice (6/6/1808, Wendron), Ann (15/4/1811, Wendron), Alice (24/7/1814, Wendron), Richard (29/3/1817, Wendron), James (28/1/1821, Wendron), Grace (26/1/1824, St Hilary), Jane (3/2/1828, Breage) and Mary (14/8/1831, Sithney).

Here are the 1841 and 1851 census records for their household, as transcribed by the Cornwall Online Census Project.

Treworles Downs, Breage, 1841:
Name	Age	Occupation	Born in Cornwall?
William Penaluna	55	Employed In Tin Mine	Yes
Alice Penaluna	50		Yes
William Penaluna	25	Copper Miner	Yes
James Penaluna	20	Tin Miner	Yes
Alice Penaluna	30	Employed In Tin Mine	Yes
Grace Penaluna	15	Employed In Tin Mine	Yes
Jane Penaluna	14	Employed In Tin Mine	Yes
Mary Penaluna	9		Yes
Elizabeth Rogers	25	Employed In Tin Mine	Yes

Fiscar, Carnmenellis, 1851:
Name	Rel	Status	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
William Penaluna	Head	M	66	Tin Miner	Wendron, Cornwall
Alice Penaluna	Wife	M	63		Wendron, Cornwall
Jane Penaluna	Daughter	U	24	Min Lab	Wendron, Cornwall
Ann Penaluna	Reltiv	M	40		Wendron, Cornwall

Alice Penaluna died at age 65, and was buried on 10/11/1852 in Wendron; William Penaluna died at age 70, and was buried on 5/5/1855 in Wendron.

Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Richard and Elizabeth

As explained above, various misguided people have been putting it about that Richard and Elizabeth's daughter Elizabeth married someone called John Williams. In fact she married Samuel Eva.

Elizabeth Caddy married Samuel Eva in Wendron on 19/1/1824

Richard Caddy's signature, as witness, is recognizably the same as the other examples of his signature displayed above.

Samuel and Elizabeth Eva are discussed in detail on a separate page.

Charity, last daughter of Richard and Elizabeth

There is a Wendron burial record from 27/11/1826 for a 19 year old Charity Caddy. This was probably the daughter of Richard and Elizabeth. Perhaps she was actually only 18 when she died, but perhaps she was over seven months old when she was baptized.

Mary, third daughter of Richard and Elizabeth

There were two Mary Caddys baptized in Wendron in 1806: John and Christian Caddy had a daughter named Mary baptized on Christmas day, while Richard and Elizabeth's Mary was baptized on 16th March. We can be confident that it was Richard and Elizabeth's Mary who married a Francis Gluyas on 30/10/1826 in Wendron, because again we can recognize Richard Caddy's signature as witness. The second witness, a William Caddy, was presumably Mary's brother.

Mary Caddy married Francis Gluyas on 30/10/1826

A 22 year old Mary Gluyas was buried in Wendron on 15/4/1828. It would seem that Mary and Francis Gluyas did not have any children, because there are no appropriate baptism records.

Catherine, second daughter of Richard and Elizabeth

CCAF believes that Catherine Caddy, daughter of Richard and Elizabeth, married one Daniel Cannell in Whitehaven, Cumberland, in 1831. I guess they copied this from someone and did not bother to do any checking, despite the unlikelihood of the assertion. What would Catherine Caddy of Wendron be doing in way up in Cumberland! There was a Catharine Caddy born in St Bees, Cumberland, in 1805 who looks like a better candidate for Daniel Cannell's wife, and for all I know there may have been other Catherine Caddys born in Cumberland at about the same time who would also fit. But Richard and Elizabeth's daughter Catherine married William Jenkin on 31/10/1824 in Wendron.

Catherine Caddy married William Jenkin on 31/10/1824

Richard also witnessed this daughter's marriage.

William Jenkin was born in Wendron in about 1800. His age at the 1851 census is given as 49 and at the 1861 census it is given as 60. There is a burial record for a 68 year old William Jenkin who died in 1868, buried on 25/8/1868. From the online image of the burial register page we learn that William died at Redruth, but lived in Porkellis in Wendron. His death was registered in the Redruth district (in the third quarter of 1868).

A William Jenkin, son of John and Grace, was baptized on 22/3/1799 in Wendron; however, this was probably the baptism of the farmer William Jenkin whose ages at the 1851, 1861 and 1871 censuses are given as 51, 60 and 71 respectively. Perhaps our William was the son of Vincent and Prudence baptized on 5/4/1805, or perhaps there is no surviving baptism record for him.

Thanks to FamilySearch.org and the Cornwall Online Parish Clerks, I know baptism dates for the following children of William and Catherine Jenkin:

• Elizabeth Jenkin (baptized 6/3/1825),
• Ann Jenkin (baptized 6/3/1828),
• Catherine Jenkin (baptized 13/6/1830),
• James Jenkin (baptized 25/5/1833),
• William Jenkin (baptized 7/2/1836),
• Richard Jenkin (baptized 6/5/1838),
• Mary Jane Jenkin (baptized 21/2/1841),
• John Jenkin (baptized 5/5/1843).

There is also a Wendron burial record from 10/5/1829 for a one year old Ann Jenkin, and according to FamilySearch.org this child was the daughter of William and Catherine. When I first saw this I thought it meant that the parish register records explicitly say that the child who was buried on 10/5/1829 was the one baptized on 6/3/1828. But they do not say this. The transcriber made a deduction, and in this case made an error. The Ann buried on 10/5/1829 was not the daughter of William and Catherine Jenkin, but the the daughter of John and Eliza Jenkin who had been baptized on 31/8/1828. John and Eliza had another daughter named Ann baptized on 1/10/1829, indicating that their previous Ann had died. The daughter of William and Catherine definitely did not die in 1829, because an 1851 census return (transcription below) shows her alive and living with her parents.

I think I now understand how the confusion may have arisen. The burial record for the Ann who died in 1829 gives her place of residence as Halabezack: see Wendron burials 1813–1840 at FamilySearch.org, image no.55. Since Ann daughter of William and Catherine was born at Halabezack, while Ann daughter of John and Eliza was born at Lezerea, the helpful transcriber deduced that it was the daughter of William and Catherine that died, and wrote that into the database. But we can see that John and Eliza had moved from Lazerea to Halabezack in the interim, since the baptism record for their second daughter Ann gives Halabezack as their residence.

Unfortunately I have not been able to positively locate Ann, daughter of William and Catherine, in the 1841 census records.

The 1851 census provides the following information on the family of William and Catherine.

Carnkye, Wendron:
Name	Rel	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
William Jenkin	Head	49	Copper Miner	Wendron
Catherine Jenkin	Wife	47		Wendron
Ann Jenkin	Dau	23	Wife's Assistant	Wendron
James Jenkin	Son	18	Tin Miner	Wendron
William Jenkin	Son	15	Tin Miner	Wendron
Richard Jenkin	Son	13	Tin Streamer	Wendron
Mary Jane Jenkin	Dau	10	Scholar	Wendron
John Jenkin	Son	8	Scholar	Wendron

Catherine Jenkin's age here fits well enough with Catherine Caddy's baptism date of 17/4/1804: she could have been born on or before 30/3/1804, making her 47 on 30/3/1851. The ages given for the children also match their baptism dates reasonably well.

The 1841 census data, however, presents a puzzle.

It is evident that in several places things have been rubbed out and changed.

The Cornwall Online Census Project's transcription lists the children as William, Jane, Catharine, William, Richard and Mary. The transcriber probably decided that "James" had been erased and replaced by "Jane". Of course William and Catherine would not have had two sons called William alive simultaneously; so when I first saw this transcription – believing that Ann had died in infancy – I presumed that Jane and the 8 year old William were visitors, perhaps children of some brother of William. But I could not find any baptism records to support this idea. Now my best guess is just that some bizarre errors were made when the enumerator was transcribing the data from the Jenkin household's form.

It looks to me as though the age 13 was first entered in the female column, rubbed out and entered in the male column, then rubbed out again and moved back. The 8 in the age column might have originally been a 5, and the 5 is written over something that may have been an 8. The name that now appears as "Jane" does seem to have previously been "James", but it could well have been something else before that. And William Jenkin's employment has been changed from "Miner on Tin" to "Tin Miner". This last change suggests that after first transcribing the data verbatim, the enumerator decided to go back and sanitize it. It is even conceivable that everything was right initially!

Here is a hypothetical scenario. The data has been entered as follows.

Name	Age		Employment
William Jenkin	40		Miner on Tin
Catharine    "		35
William    "	5
Ann    "		13
Catharine    "		10
James    "	8
Richard    "	3
Mary    "		4m

Now the enumerator thinks that the ages of William and James are around the wrong way, and so he changes them. Then he realizes that it was right before, and decides to now swap the places of "William" and "James". After all, it is appropriate for the older son to precede the younger! So he rubs out "James" and writes in "William". Now he goes to rub out "William" and replace it by "James", but inadvertently rubs out "Ann". After writing in "James" he sees that the age is in the female column when it should be in the male column. He rubs it out and puts it in the right place. Later he notices the error, or remembers that the oldest child in that family is actually a girl, and, misremembering the name he had erased, changes "James" back to "Jane". And finally he forgets that he still has to change "William" to "James".

Horrible errors like this can happen late at night when one is tired! Of course the scenario I have suggested is far-fetched; my real point is merely that you cannot trust a document that has been altered.

The 1861 census has the following data.

Carnkye, Wendron:
Name	Rel	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
William Jenkin	Head	60	Tin Miner & Farmer Of 6 Acres	Wendron
Catherine Jenkin	Wife	56	Tin Miner's Wife	Wendron
James Jenkin	Son	27	Tin Miner	Wendron
Richard Jenkin	Son	22	Tin Miner	Wendron
Mary Jane Jenkin	Dau	20	Domestic Labourer	Wendron
John Jenkin	Son	18	Tin Miner	Wendron

I cannot locate Catherine Jenkin after 1861. I suppose that it is possible that she was the Catherine Jenkins buried in Wendron on 21/10/1865, aged 62. The age, as well as the name, is not quite right.

— Catherine, daughter of William and Catherine Jenkin —

I have been unable to discover what happened to the daughter Catherine between 1841 and 1851. The death of a Catherine Jenkins was registered in the Helston district in the September quarter of 1847. Maybe that was her. I could not find any likely marriages.

— William, son of William and Catherine Jenkin —

William and Catherine's son William (baptized 7/2/1836) married Elizabeth Reed in the June quarter of 1856. Elizabeth was the daughter of Joseph and Johanna Reed, baptized on 21/9/1834 in Wendron. Joseph Reed married Johanna Eddy in Wendron on 15/5/1826, and there are baptism records for several other children of Joseph and Johanna: Martha (29/10/1826), Joseph (14/9/1828 in Stithians), Mary (31/10/1830), Walter (11/10/1832), John (8/2/1837), Sheba (14/8/1839), John Thomas (3/8/1842).

There is an 1841 census record of a household in Rettana, Wendron, containing Joseph Reed (45, a Stone Mason), Hannah Reed (40), Martha Reed (14), Joseph Reed (12), Walter Reed (9), Elizabeth Reed (6), John Reed (4) and Sheaba Reed (2). (The Cornwall Online Census Project's transcription has Joseph's age as 55 rather than 45, which is understandable as the image is unclear, and has the youngest child as Nicholas rather than Sheaba, owing to a transcription error that I have twice reported without succeeding in eliciting any response.) Here is the 1851 census record for the same household.

Retanna, Wendron, 1851:
Name	Rel	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Joseph Reed	Head	56	Stone Mason	Constantine
Johanna Reed	Wife	51	Stone Mason's Wife	Wendron
Elizabeth Reed	Dau	16	Stone Mason's Dau	Wendron
Walter Reed	Son	18	Stone Mason	Wendron
John Reed	Son	14	Stone Mason	Wendron
Sheba Reed	Son	12	Stone Mason	Wendron
Mary Reed	Dau	6		Wendron

It is a curious fact that in the whole of the FreeBMD database there are only two records of births of Sheba Reeds, and both these births occurred in the Helston district in the March quarter of 1839. One of these Shebas was the above son of Joseph and Johanna, the other was the son of Walter and Lavinia Reed. They were only distantly related. But there was also a couple named Joseph and Elizabeth Reed – this Joseph being Walter's brother – who had sons named Sheba baptized in 1828, 1830 and 1835, buried in 1829, 1834 and 1836 respectively. Joseph and Elizabeth had a daughter named Elizabeth born in 1826 who survived and married Joseph Eva in 1847. Their family, which is discussed on the Joseph Eva and Ann Prisk page, included a son named Sheba Reed Eva.

William Jenkin and his wife Elizabeth (née Reed) had eleven children altogether. In 1861 they were living in Retanna, Wendron, and the census shows them with a four year old son named William, a three year old daughter named Jane, and an 8 month old daughter named Elizabeth. William was a tin miner. They migrated to the USA in 1868, and an 1870 census record shows them living at Naugatuck, New Haven, Connecticut, with children named William, Jane, Betsy, Martha, Laura, John and James. The ages of the three eldest children (14, 12 and 10) are in agreement with the 1861 census record, as are the ages of William (34) and Elizabeth (35). Martha, Laura and John were born in England; they were aged 8, 6 and 4 in 1870, while James, born in Connecticut, was 8 months old (born in the preceding October).

US 1870 census, New Haven CT

Observe also that William was still a miner. The heading on the column in which the number 800 appears is "Value of Real Estate", while the next column (blank) is headed "Value of Personal Estate".

I think that the following 1880 census record (transcription from FamilySearch.org) probably corresponds to the same family:

New Haven, Connecticut, 1880:
Name	Relation	Status	Sex	Race	Age	Born	Occupation	Father Born	Mother Born
William Jenkins	Self	M	Male	W	44	Eng	Copper M.	Eng	Eng
Elizabeth Jenkins	Wife	M	Female	W	45	Eng	Keep House	Eng	Eng
Elizabeth Jenkins	Dau	S	Female	W	19	Eng	Button Shop	Eng	Eng
Anne Jenkins	Dau	S	Female	W	17	Eng	Button Shop	Eng	Eng
Caroline L. Jenkins	Dau	S	Female	W	15	Eng	Button Shop	Eng	Eng
John Jenkins	Son	S	Male	W	14	Eng	Button Shop	Eng	Eng
Katie Jenkins	Dau	S	Female	W	9	CT		Eng	Eng
Joseph Jenkins	Son	S	Male	W	8	CT		Eng	Eng
Lillie M. Jenkins	Dau	S	Female	W	4	CT		Eng	Eng
James Jenkins	Son	S	Male	W	2	CT		Eng	Eng

The main problem with this is that there are daughters named Anne and Caroline L where we would have expected to find Martha and Laura. But FreeBMD shows that the birth of a Martha Ann Jenkin was registered in Helston in the last quarter of 1862; so perhaps Martha had decided by 1880 that she preferred her second name. Similarly, Laura may have been the second name of Caroline L. Jenkin.

At the 1900 US census we find Elizabeth Jenkin as a 65 year old widow living in Ansonia City, New Haven, with her sons John W (aged 33) and James C (aged 22), and a 12 year old grand-daughter named Mildred Jackson, who was born in Colorado. The census record reveals that Elizabeth had eleven children, of whom only six were still alive in 1900. Observe that there were seven chidren present in the 1870 census record, and a further four were born between 1870 and 1880; so that accounts for them all.

US 1900 census, New Haven CT

— Ann, daughter of William and Catherine Jenkin —

I cannot definitely trace Ann Jenkin, the daughter of William and Catherine baptized on 6/3/1828. According to FreeBMD there were three Ann Jenkins who died in the Helston district between 1851 and 1861: one in the March quarter of 1853, one in the June quarter of 1854 and one in the March quarter of 1858. However, the Cornwall Online Parish Clerks' database includes the burials of these three: the first was buried on 4/3/1853 and was aged 53, the second was buried on 10/4/1854 and was aged 16, the third was buried on 11/5/1858 and was aged 49. None of the ages were right for the daughter of William and Catherine.

There is a Helston district marriage registration record showing that an Ann Jenkin married William Bennett Ninnis in the December quarter of 1853, but subsequent census data indicates that she was too young to be the daughter of William and Catherine. It is more likely that she was the daughter of Joseph and Ann baptized on 20/2/1832.

There was another Ann Jenkin married Henry Williams in the June quarter of 1861. I suppose that it is possible that this marriage occurred before the census on April 7th, and the couple then left Cornwall, but more likely the marriage was after the census. I cannot find the couple in the 1861 census, the 1871 census or the 1881 census. There is a 42 year old unmarried Henry Williams boarding in the household of one Thomas Dunstan in Wendron on census night 1861, but I cannot find Ann Jenkin. So my best guess is that our Ann Jenkin was somehow missed in the 1861 census, married Henry Williams shortly after the census, and then died shortly after that. There were deaths of six Ann Williams' registered in the Helston district between mid 1861 and mid 1864. And in the September quarter of 1868 Henry Williams married 36 year old Jemima Dunstan, daughter of the Thomas Dunstan mentioned above.

— Mary Jane, daughter of William and Catherine Jenkin —

Mary Jane Jenkin (born 1841) married Richard Prior Eathorne in Carnmenellis on 7/9/1861. (See Carnmenellis marriages 1851–1900, image 108.) Richard was was born in Wendron in about 1841 and was the son of John and Elizabeth Eathorn. He was a tin miner in 1861. This was still his occupation in 1871, by which time there were six children in the family: Catherine J. (9), Susan J. (8), Elisabeth A. (6), Margaret (4), Richard J (2) and Lavinia (2m). By 1881 Richard has become a dairyman, the family has moved to Constantine, and there are two more children: Athanasius (4, born in Wendron) and Emily (2, born in Constantine).

— James, son of William and Catherine Jenkin —

James Jenkin (born 1833) married Eliza Carter in the December quarter of 1866. She was the daughter of William Carter, a farmer of Camborne, and his wife Susan. Eliza was born in about 1840. By 1871 James and Eliza Jenkin have a 3 year old daughter named Susan. By 1881 the family has moved to Camborn, James is now a farmer of 9 acres, and there are six children: Susan (13), John (9), Cathrine A. (7), Mary C. (5), William H. (2) and Eliza J. (0). All the children are listed as born in Camborne, although in 1861 Susan's birthplace is listed as Wendron. James' age in 1881 is given as 42 – it was given as 36 in 1871 – although he would actually have been 47 or 48. At least his birthplace is correctly given as Wendron.

I believe that Elizabeth Jenkin (born 1825) married John Davey in Redruth in the first quarter of 1849. The 1861 census shows their address as Falmouth Road, Redruth; John is a 43 year old copper miner, born in Redruth, Elizabeth's age is given as 34 and her birthplace as Wendron, and they have two children: William, a 12 year old apprentice carpenter, and Catherine a 7 year old scholar, both born in Redruth. The 1871 census shows Elizabeth as a 43 year old widow, a laundress, living in Gas House Lane Redruth, with her 16 year old daughter Catherine J, who "keeps a mangle". The following year Elizabeth and Catherine emigrated to the USA, sailing on the Great Western, arriving at New York on 10/10/1872. FamilySearch.org has an image of the passenger list (image 186 for the date range 5/10/1872 to 18/10/1872); it gives 46 and 19 for the ages of Elizabeth and Catherine, and laundress as the occupation for both.

— Richard, son of William and Catherine Jenkin —

Richard Jenkin (born 1838) emigrated to the USA in 1864, as a 1900 census record shows. He could be the 28 year old miner named Richard Jenkins who in 1870 was living in Mahanoy City, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, with a 27 year old wife Mary J., an 8 year old son James and a 5 year old daughter Eliza, all of whom were born in England, and a 2 year old son John who was born in Pennsylvania. The 1900 census record referred to above shows an Expressman named Richard Jenkins, divorced, born in England in April 1838, living with his housekeeper sister Elizabeth Davey, a widow who came to the USA in 1872, and who was born in England in February 1826. This is not consistent with the baptism date of 6/3/1825, but perhaps she had forgotten how old she really was. The record also says that Elizabeth was the mother of two children, both of whom were still living.

US 1870 census, Mahanoy City PA

US 1900 census, Cheshire, New Haven, Connecticut

— John, son of William and Catherine Jenkin —

I cannot positively locate John Jenkin (born 1843) after 1861.

The Confusing Caddys: James, William and Grace

Our next main objective is to investigate William Caddy, eldest child of Richard and Elizabeth; however, this entails investigating some other people as well, to give us a chance of sorting out who is who.

According to the Jewell Family website, William, son of Richard and Elizabeth, married Grace Hocking on 5/5/1822 in St Austell. This error probably came about because the author of the Jewell Family website did not have access to a list of Wendron marriages, and could only find one marriage of a William Caddy to a Grace. But from the online image of the marriage register page that is now available, it can be seen that this William Caddy was from St Blazey, not Wendron. So this St Austell theory is a red herring that we can ignore.

Between 1823 and 1828 there are six Wendron baptism records for children with parents named William and Grace Caddy:

• Grace (baptism date: 23/7/1823; father's occupation: miner; residence: Wendron),
• William (baptism date: 30/8/1823; father's occupation: stonecutter; residence: Wendron),
• William (baptism date: 1/4/1825; father's occupation: stonecutter; residence: Wendron),
• Ann (baptism date: 19/11/1826; father's occupation: labourer; residence: Wendron),
• James (baptism date: 14/1/1836; father's occupation: stonecutter; residence: Fisker),
• Isaac Pryor (baptism date: 1/2/1838; father's occupation: labourer; residence: Fiscar).

I guess that the same father could easily have had different occupations at different times, and the family could easily have moved from Wendron to Viscar. But the closeness of the baptism dates for Grace (23/7/1823) and the first William (30/8/1823) is rather worrying, and raises the possibility that there were two different couples named William and Grace Caddy involved.

It should also be noted that there was no William Caddy buried in Wendron after the baptism of the first William in 1823 and before the baptism of the second William in 1825.

William Caddy married Grace Pryor on 2/4/1822 in Wendron, and this is the only Wendron marriage of a William Caddy to a Grace that could account for any of the children listed above. Surely the fact that Isaac (1/2/1838) was given the second name Pryor indicates that his mother's maiden name was Pryor.

There is a record of the burial in Wendron on 23/6/1839 of a 44 year old William Caddy, and Grace Caddy married Josiah Martin on 30/5/1840 in Wendron. This marriage record includes the information that Grace Caddy's father was named Thomas Pryor; so it is clear that Grace was a widow. Census data from 1841 includes a household containing Josiah Martin (shoe maker, 20), Grace Martin (35), Pheolix Martin (9m.), Grace Caddy (17), William Caddy (16), Dorothy Caddy (11) and James Caddy (5). William's age here right for him to be the William baptized on 1/4/1825, and Grace's age is right for her to be the Grace baptized on 23/7/1823.

There seems to be no baptism record for Dorothy, who must have been born in about 1829.

William, the son of William and Grace born in 1825, was probably the William Caddy who died in a blasting accident reported in the West Briton and Cornwall Advertiser on 1/8/1845. He was buried on 27/7/1845, aged 20.

We mention also that census data for 1851 shows Grace Martin, 48 and widowed (again), as head of a household containing her daughter Ann Caddy and sons James Caddy and Felix Martin. At this time Dorothy Caddy, aged 20, was a servant in the household of one Nicholas Geach at Halwyn in Mylor (not Wendron). Later, on 11/12/1855, she married William Pryor in Breage. Note that the marriage record says that the bride's residence was Wendron and her father was William Caddy, a stonemason.

As we have already noted, a James Caddy and a Grace Collins were married on 20/12/1812 in Wendron. Between 1813 and 1832 there are four Wendron baptism records for children whose parents were named James and Grace Caddy:

• Dorothy (baptism date: 29/6/1815; father's occupation: stonecutter; residence: Wendron),
• James (baptism date: 16/3/1818; father's occupation: stonecutter; residence: Wendron),
• Grace (baptism date: 10/3/1821; father's occupation: miner; residence: Wendron),
• Grace (baptism date: 21/6/1832; father's occupation: miner; residence: Carnebone).

There is an 1841 Wendron census record of a household consisting of James Caddy, aged 50, Grace Caddy, aged 50, William Caddy, aged 17, and Grace Caddy, aged 10. It certainly looks as though the William here was a son of James and Grace, but I cannot find any corresponding baptism record. But from his age he could have been the William Caddy baptized on 30/8/1823, who was supposed to be the son of William and Grace, not James and Grace. So I tentatively conjecture that Curate Thomas Trevethan got his William Caddys and James Caddys confused when entering this baptism in the parish register: the father's name should have been James, not William. Note that James Caddy and William Caddy were both stonecutters.

William Caddy (husband of Grace Pryor), who was 44 when he died in 1839, was too old to be the son of Richard and Elizabeth born in 1800. His age suggests that he was the son of James and Grace baptized in 1795. If so then he had a brother named James (baptized in 1789) who could well be the James mentioned in the last paragraph above (the husband of Grace Collins). But it is also possible that the James of the last paragraph was the son of Richard and Prudence (baptized 1783), not the son of James and Grace.

I like the theory that James who married Grace Collins and William who married Grace Pryor were brothers, sons of James Caddy and his wife Grace (née Toy). Perhaps James the father was a stonecutter, and both sons learned that trade in addition to being miners at different times in their lives. And for the Rev Trevethan to accidentally write the name of one brother in place of the name of the other would certainly be understandable, all the more so because their wives were both named Grace. Note also that if Grace Collins' husband was the son of Richard and Prudence then he would have been over 55 on census day 1841, whereas the age of Grace Collins' husband was given as 50.

Recall that James, the father of William baptized in 1795 and James baptized in 1789, was baptized on 28/7/1754 in Wendron. I have already conjectured that his parents were William and Dorothy, rather than William and Christian (which is what was written in the baptism register). Perhaps I am postulating an unreasonably large number of errors in the parish registers in my attempts to tie everything together. But you do not have to look far in these registers to find places where names have been crossed out and replaced by other names, indicating that errors were made and then corrected. It is surely likely that some errors were made and never detected.

I believe that James baptized in 1754 was the James who married Grace Toy in Wendron on 14/7/1776, and that Grace Toy was the daughter of Francis and Grace Toy baptized on 26 Jun 1748. Another possibility is that Grace was the daughter of James and Margaret Toy baptized on 3/6/1753 in Wendron. (Although FamilySearch.org's transcription of James Caddy's marriage in 14/7/1776 has the bride's name as Jane Joy rather than Grace Toy, the online image of the original record clearly shows Grace Toy to be correct.)

A 75 year old Grace Caddy was buried on 29/4/1823 in Wendron; if the age is right then it seems that she was 5 years too old to be the daughter of James and Margaret Toy baptized in 1753. But it is possible that she was a few years old before she was baptized, and also possible that the age given in the burial record is not correct.

The William baptized in 1795 married Grace Pryor on 2/4/1822 in Wendron. Grace's age is given as 35 in the 1841 census and as 48 in the 1851 census. So I think that she was the daughter of Thomas and Blanch Pryor baptized on 19/8/1803, rather than one of the Grace Pryors born in Wendron in 1800 or earlier. Thomas Pryor and Blanch Reed had married on 30/11/1776 in Wendron. Grace was the youngest of 15 children with parents named Thomas and Blanch; the eldest was born in 1777. Surely Blanch must have been less than 20 at her marriage, and indeed there was a Blanch Reed, daughter of Henry Williams Reed, baptized in Wendron on 21/8/1757. Henry's wife was named Grace, but I have not been able to locate a marriage record or any other record relating to Henry Williams Reed.

I believe that William and Grace Caddy had children named Grace, William, Ann, Dorothy, James and Isaac, after which William died and his widow married Josiah Martin. We can surmise that William's daughter Dorothy was named after his sister Dorothy (born in 1780). She had married John Pascoe on 24/6/1799, and died aged 24, buried on 3/10/1804. (Note that the marriage record as transcribed for FamilySearch.org incorrectly gives the groom's surname as Roscoe rather than Pascoe.) It would seem that a year after Dorothy's death, on 6/10/1805, John Pascoe married Anne Caddy, presumably the daughter of Richard and Prudence.

As we have noted, a James Caddy married a Grace Collins on 20/12/1812 in Wendron. The bride was from Mabe; so, after searching at FamilySearch.org, one is naturally led to conjecture that she was the daughter of Hugh and Arabella Collins, baptized in Mabe on 16/6/1788. However, two later records point to a birth year of 1789 or 1790. In any event, her age at marriage was probably about 22 to 24. The question is whether her husband was the 29 year old son of Richard and Prudence or the 23 year old son of James and Grace. (Of course, baptism dates are not the same as birth dates, but being the 7th child of parents married in 1776, James son of James and Grace could scarcely have been born a long time before his baptism in February 1789. Similar reasoning also applies to the 1783 James.)

The James and Grace married in 1812 apparently had children named Dorothy (baptized 29/6/1815), James (baptized 16/3/1818 and buried 25/10/1836), Grace (baptized 10/3/1821), Grace (baptized 21/6/1832) and – from census data – William born in 1822 or 1823. According to the 1841 census record James and his wife were both aged between 50 and 54 on census night. This is consistent with the baptism of Grace Collins in 1788, and suggests that James was born in 1789 rather than 1783. But I do not actually place much store by this evidence.

Perhaps the fact that James also gave the name Dorothy to one of his daughters lends credence to the conjecture that James was the brother of William and of Dorothy.

James' daughter Dorothy Caddy married Daniel Wearn on 26/9/1839 in Wendron. An 1851 census record shows Dorithy Wearne, widow, age 38, living at Trebarvah village in Constantine. The others in her household are her children Elizabeth (8), Daniel (7) and William (4), and her father, James Caddy (65), who was born in Wendron. James baptized on 8/2/1789 would actually have only been 62, while James baptized on 30/3/1783 would have been 68. It seems that on census night 1851 James' wife Grace was in Halwin visiting a 69 year old widow named Jemima Chegwidden, whose occupation is given as "Broomer Maker". Grace's age is given as 64, and her occupation as "Assistant Broomer".

Dorothy Wearne, widow of Seworgan, married James Jenkin of Trebarvah on 21/9/1854. (This record erroneously gives Dorothy's father's surname as Wearne when it should be Caddy.) Note that Seworgan and Trebarvah are in Constantine parish, but they are only about 1km from Carneborne, which is in Wendron parish. In the 1861 census we find a household consisting of James Inkin (46), his wife Dorothy (47), their son James (4), two lodgers named Daniel Wearn (16) and William Wearn (14), and Dorothy's widowed mother Grace Caddy (71). Grace died in 1863; she was buried on 15/3/1863, her age given as 73.

Perhaps Grace's husband was the James Caddy buried on 3/4/1856 in Wendron. The online image of the burial register page shows that this James had been living in the Helston Union House. In the age column the vicar wrote "precise age unknown, supposed to be nearly 70". This fits the 1789-born James, who would have been 67, better than the other, who would have been 73.

I should also mention that there is an 1861 census record of a Ruan Lanihorne household containing a 73 year old James Caddy, born in Wendron, with a 72 year old wife named Nancy, born in Veryan. No doubt this couple were the James Caddy and Anne Williams who were married in Veryan on 9/9/1813. At first I thought that this James must have been the son of James and Grace from 1789. However, the 1851 census return for this James gives his birthplace as Gwendra – Veryan, which I believe is a place in Veryan that is not to be confused with Gwendron (as Wendron was formerly known).

William, son of Richard and Elizabeth

CCAF believes that William Caddy, son of Richard and Elizabeth, married Elizabeth Dunstan (or Dunstone) on 2/8/1823. For once, I agree with them!

William Caddy married Elizabeth Dunstan on 2/8/1823

Elizabeth was probably the daughter of Wearne and Ann Dunstone, baptized in Wendron on 10/11/1799. There are Wendron baptism records for the following children of William and Elizabeth: Richard (baptized 25/12/1823), William (baptized 28/1/1826), Elizabeth (baptized 10/10/1827), William (baptized 21/4/1829), Wearn (baptized 22/12/1830), Charity (baptized 2/12/1832), Mary (baptized 13/4/1834), James (baptized 5/1/1837), John (baptized 18/11/1838) and Henry (baptized 18/11/1838), these last two being twins. Henry died aged 6 months, and was buried on 15/4/1839.

Here is the 1841 census record for the household of William and Elizabeth.

Halebezack, Wendron, 1841:
Name	Age	Occupation
William Caddy	35	Copper Miner
Elizabeth Caddy	35
Richard Caddy	15	Copper Miner
Elizabeth Caddy	13
William Caddy	12
Whearn Caddy	10
Charity Caddy	9
Mary Caddy	7
James Caddy	5
John Caddy	2

William Caddy died in 1850 and was buried in Wendron on 2/11/1850. In the 1851 census data his widow Elizabeth is described as a laundress (aged 51), and her household contains her sons William (22, copper miner), Wearne (20, copper miner), James (15, tin streamer) and John (13, tin streamer), as well as her daughter Charity (18, helper home) and her two year old grandson Richard. This grandson was the son of Elizabeth's eldest son, Richard, and his first wife Margaret, née Roberts, who had died in 1849, presumably in childbirth. The birth of the child Richard Caddy was registered in the March quarter of 1849. In 1851 Richard son of Elizabeth had his own household with his (second) wife Elizabeth, her son Alfred Johns (aged 6) and his daughter Margaret Caddy (aged 5). (The census return describes Alfred's relationship to Richard as "sonlaw", no doubt meaning stepson. It also describes Margaret's relationship to Richard as "daulaw", which is surely just an error. In later census returns Margaret is Richard's daughter and Alfred his stepson.) It should be mentioned that Richard and Margaret had another child: a daughter named Elizabeth Jane Caddy, born in the March quarter of 1848. At the 1851 census Elizabeth Jane Caddy is in the household of her mother's parents, Anthony and Margaret Robarts. In fact she is still in their household in 1861.

Elizabeth Caddy, widow of William, died in 1855 and was buried in Wendron on 27/11/1855.

— Elizabeth, eldest daughter of William and Elizabeth Caddy —

I have not had much success tracking the daughter Elizabeth. Probably she is the Elizabeth Cady who at the 1851 census is a 23 year old general servant in the household of a 55 year old farmer named Thomas Dunstan at Helston. I have not been able to identify her in any later marriage, census or death record. It is possible that Mr Dunstan was some relative of Elizabeth's mother (whose maiden name was Dunstone).

— Charity, second daughter of William and Elizabeth Caddy —

At the time of the 1861 census Charity Caddy was an unmarried seamstress with an eight year old daughter named Mary and a two year old son named William. In the December quarter of 1862 she married William Jolly. He had married Elizabeth Moyle in the December quarter of 1858, but she died in the June quarter of 1862. At the 1871 census the household of William and Charity Jolly contained the following children: Mary P. Caddy (aged 17), Mary A. Jolly (aged 12), William Caddy (aged 11), Margt Jolly (aged 6), James Jolly (aged 4), Jane Jolly (aged 3) and John F. Jolly (aged 1).

Grave of William and Charity

— Mary, third daughter of William and Elizabeth Caddy —

At the 1851 census there is a 17 year old Mary Caddy who is a servant is the household of a 66 year old Miller named John Williams, at Stithians. Since this Mary was born in Wendron and is the right age, it seems likely that she is William and Elizabeth's daughter Mary. It also seems likely that she married Thomas Collins in the September quarter of 1853. Thomas, who was born in Wendron in about 1826, was a tin miner. At the 1871 census the household of Thomas and Mary contains the following children: Mary (aged 15) James H. (tin miner, aged 13), Thomas (tin miner, aged 11), Martha (aged 9) and Bessie (aged 6).

— Richard, eldest son of William and Elizabeth Caddy —

Richard Caddy (born 1823) married Margaret Roberts in the December quarter of 1845. She was the daughter of Anthony and Margaret Roberts, baptized in Wendron on 7/8/1822. In the 1841 and 1851 census return the surname is rendered as "Robarts" and in 1841 the daughter Margaret appears as "Peggey". As mentioned above, Margaret died in 1849 (buried 5/2/1849), and Richard then married Mrs Elizabeth Johns.

Elizabeth Johns' first husband was named Thomas Johns; his marriage to Elizabeth Thomas was registered in the March quarter of 1842 in the Redruth district. Later census records suggest that Elizabeth was born in Gwennap in 1822 or 1823, and searching the Gwennap baptisms leads me to conjecture that she was the daughter of Anthony and Ann Thomas baptized on 17/2/1823. Alfred Johns, son of Thomas and Elizabeth, was born on 27/3/1845. Thomas died on 17/12/1846 from injuries he received in a blasting accident at Tresaven Mine; his burial, on 20/12/1846, is listed on the Gwennap burials in 1846 web page, which also records that he was aged 27. A short report of the inquest into his death can be found in the West Briton and Cornwall Advertiser on 25/12/1846. So far I have been unable to discover the names of Thomas' parents.

At the 1861 census the household of Richard and Elizabeth Caddy is as follows:

Menherion, Wendron, 1861:
Name	Rel	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Richard Caddy	Head	37	Tin/cop Minr Methdst Loc Prchr	Wendron
Elizabeth Caddy	Wife	38	Miner's Wife	Gwennap
Alfred Caddy	Son	16	Mine Smith Tin	Gwennap
Richard Caddy	Son	12	Miner Tin	Wendron
Mary Caddy	Dau	9	Scholar	Wendron
William Caddy	Son	6	Scholar	Wendron
James Hy Caddy	Son	4		Wendron
John Michael Caddy	Son	2		Wendron

At the 1871 census the household is as follows:

Halwin, Wendron, 1871:
Name	Rel	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Richard Caddy	Head	49	Miner & Grocer	Wendron
Elizabeth Caddy	Wife	48	Wife Grocer	Wendron
Alfred Johns	Stpson	25	Black Smith	Wendron
Elizabeth J. Caddy	Dau	23	Miners Daughter	Wendron
Richard Caddy	Son	22	Miner	Wendron
Mary Caddy	Dau	18		Wendron
Willm Caddy	Son	16	Miner	Wendron
James H. Caddy	Son	14	Miner	Wendron
John M. Caddy	Son	12	Miner	Wendron
Wearn Caddy	Son	10	Scholar	Wendron
Charles R. Caddy	Son	8	Scholar	Wendron

The younger Richard Caddy of this household married Mary Ann Johns in the September quarter of 1875. She was the daughter of James Johns and Mary Jenkin. At the time of the 1881 census Richard and Mary Ann had children named William Henry (4), Fredrick (3) and Richard James (4m.). Mary Ann emigrated to Colorado in 1900, her husband having died in 1896. There is an obituary of her online at http://cogenweb.com/lake/lkobita-c.html, transcribed from the Herald Democrat of April 15, 1942. There is also now a memorial to Mary Ann on "Find a Grave", including further information about her relatives.

The 1881 census record for the household of Richard and Elizabeth is as follows:

Halwin, Wendron, 1881:
Name	Rel	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
Richard Caddy	Head	59	Tin & Copper Miner Idle	Wendron
Elizabeth Caddy	Wife	58		Gwennap
Elizabeth Jane Caddy	Dau	33	House Maid	Wendron
William Caddy	Son	26	Travelling Draper	Wendron
Charles Press Caddy	Son	17	Tin Miner	Wendron

Alfred Johns married Mary Ann Richards in the March quarter of 1872. At the 1881 census Alfred's occupation was Black Smith, but by 1891 he had become a farmer, living at Kenwyn. The 1891 census schedule shows two children of Alfred and Mary Ann: Annie (12) and Glenville (9). Some transcriptions of Ladock cemetery headstones by Michael J. McCormack include the following two:

Mary, youngest daughter of Richard and Elizabeth, married one William Eathorne on 1/10/1873. A newspaper marriage notice calls Mary's father "Capt. Richard Caddy of Halwin House", indicating that he was more than just the ordinary miner I had thought he was. I double checked census records in case there were two Richard Caddys in Wendron with marriageable youngest daughters named Mary, but indeed there was only one.

It is not clear what became of William and Mary Eathorn after their marriage. They do not appear in British census records. However, in the 1880 census of the USA there is a record of a W. Eathorne at Eureka Mills, Plumas, California; he was 29 years old, married, born in England, and in a household (or whatever it was) that consisted of 20 miners. Several of these men were married, but their wives were all elsewhere. Moreover, there is also a record of an M. Eathorne, female, 26 years old, married, born in England, and lodging in a hotel in Johnstown, Plumas, California. I think these two must be our William and Mary, but I have not been able to find any subsequent record of them.

James H. Caddy and John M. Caddy both emigrated to South Australia, and lived in Kapunda. A partial listing of the Kapunda General Cemetery shows that James and John are both buried there, with their wives. They also both have entries in the Biographical Index of South Australians 1836–1885, produced by the South Australian Genealogy and Heraldry Society. Unfortunately, the compiler incorrectly assumed that James and John were sons of Richard Caddy's first wife.

James and John placed death notices in the Adelaide Advertiser when their parents died (Elizabeth on 22/8/1889 and Richard on 28/9/1891).

Adelaide Advertiser, 15/10/1889

Adelaide Advertiser, 10/11/1891

Observe that Elizabeth's death notice confirms that her home was Halwin House, Wendron. An obituary of James that appeared in the Register confirms that his father was a mine captain.

The Register 23/4/1920 The Advertiser 18/4/1912	The Advertiser 17/4/1920 The Advertiser 15/10/1883 The Advertiser 31/10/1922 The Advertiser 23/7/1924 The Advertiser 27/3/1912
The Mail 12/6/1915

Clarinda May Caddy, the daughter of John and Mary, was a school teacher for 10 years from 1908 to 1918, having completed a two-year training course at the University Training College in 1906/1907. She taught at Kapunda, Kilkenny, Renmark, Alberton and Kadina, and in the "inspector's comments" section of her teaching record we find, for example, "T and M exc, effective, bright, exc control" and "thorough, skilful, forceful, successful".

In June 1915, at the age of 31, May (as she was known) was engaged to an army lieutenant named Sydney Gordon Leslie Hall, who was 23. In August 1915 Lieutenant Hall was reported missing in action at Gallipoli; included in his service record (pages 4 and 5) is a copy of a letter May Caddy wrote to the Minister of Defence on 10/9/1915 enquiring if anything more was known about Lieutenant Hall. In fact his body had been found just a few days before the date of her letter.

A newspaper notice of John Michael Caddy's death (shown above) refers to May as Mrs J. L. Brown. I presume that she married J. L. Brown in 1918, since in that year she resigned her teaching position.

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Thomas Ernest Caddy, the youngest son of James and Mary Anna Caddy, served with distinction in the Australian Imperial Force in France in the First World War. He gained promotion to the rank of Sergeant, and was awarded the U.S. Distinguished Service Cross. It is noted in his service record that he "on 31/7/1917 did brave work with the bayonet in the assault, and later in the day was instrumental in thwarting an enemy counter attack, both by the intelligence he displayed and courageous action".

Thomas Ernest Caddy was evidently known as Ern, for that is how he signed his name on enlistment.

Before returning to Australia after the end of hostilities, Ern spent several months in Cornwall. Included in his service record is a marriage certificate, which shows that on 24/4/1919 he was married in the Wesleyan Methodist Church at Helston to Daisy Rapson, the daughter of a farmer named Thomas Rapson. His address at this time was Whitealice, Carnmenellis, and her address was Ruby Farm, Wendron.

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— William, second son of William and Elizabeth Caddy —

William Caddy (born 1829) married Grace Reed in the September quarter of 1852. Grace was baptized on 14/9/1828 in Stithians Parish; her parents were David Reed and Grace Johns, who were married in Wendron on 17/9/1815. The 1851 census shows the elder Grace as a 59 year old widow living at Carnmenellis in Wendron parish. She is listed as the Head of the household, which also contains her unmarried children Nicholas (20), William (18), Joseph (16) and Grace (23), as well as her widower son David (34) and mother-in-law Catherine (87). According to the census record, everyone in the household was born in Wendron, but in fact all of Grace's children were baptized in Stithians.

A David Reed of Wendron was buried on 21/9/1839 in Stithians. He was 47, and probably the son of William and Catharine Reed who was baptized in Stithians on 9/11/1792. However, there is a puzzle here, as there was also has a David Reed, son of William and Cathrine, baptized in Stithians on 8/7/1802. This suggests that there were two couples named William and Catherine Reed in Stithians at this time (which would also provide an explanation of the fact that there were two 1802 baptisms in Stithians of children with parents named William and Catherine Reed). But I can only find one marriage of a William Reed to a Catherine: on 16/7/1792, in Stithians, William Reed married Catherine Odger.

As far as I can tell, this William Reed was not related to Blanch Reed (mentioned above), and only distantly related to Elizabeth Reed (mentioned below).

Census records show that William and Grace Caddy (married in 1852) had four children, one of whom died in infancy. Here is the 1861 census record of their household.

Halabezack, Wendron, 1861:
Name	Rel	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
William Caddy	Head	32	Tin Miner	Wendron
Grace Caddy	Wife	33	Tin Miner's Wife	Wendron
Grace Caddy	Daughter	8	Scholar	Wendron
Elizabeth C. Caddy	Daughter	6		Wendron
John W. Caddy	Son	1		Wendron

A John William Caddy died in the Helston district in the December quarter of 1861.

Here is the 1871 census record.

Name	Rel	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
William Caddy	Head	41	Tin Miner	Wendron
Grace Caddy	Wife	43	Tin Miner's Wife	Wendron
Grace Caddy	Daughter	17	Dressmaker	Wendron
Elizabeth Caddy	Daughter	15	Dressmaker	Wendron
Wearn Caddy	Son	6		Wendron

According to www.theCaddys.co.uk (which seems now to be defunct), the youngest child was named Frederick Wearne. Quite possibly he used the name Frederick to distinguish himself from his several relatives named Wearn Caddy. It also appears that the spelling "Wearn" has been replaced by "Wearne", at least in the Caddy family.

— Wearn, third son of William and Elizabeth Caddy —

Wearn Caddy, born 1830, married Jane Oliver in the September quarter of 1853. They appear not to have had any children. In 1861 Wearne (sic) is described as a tin miner and Jane as a miner's wife. In 1871 Wearne is described as a miner and dairy man and Jane as a dairy man's wife.

— John, fifth son of William and Elizabeth Caddy —

John Caddy, born 1838, should not be confused with another John Caddy, baptized on 10/5/1835, whose parents were named John and Ann Caddy. This John is found in his parents' household at the 1841 and 1851 censuses, his age in 1841 being given as 6 and his age in 1861 being given as 15. I cannot find him in the 1861 census, but at first sight it seems that he has reappeared in the 1871 census as head of a large household. I suspect that in the 1871 record "John Caddy" should actually be "James Caddy", and that John son of John and Ann either died in 1855 or left Cornwall. Deaths of four John Caddys were registered in the Helston district in the 1850's, three of these appear in the Cornwall Online Parish Clerk's burial database and are not the right age, but the son of John and Ann could have been the John Caddy who died in the June quarter of 1855. But he might also have been the John Caddy who married either Prudence Phillips or Fanny Richards in Redruth in the September quarter of 1855, and they might have emigrated.

On census night 1861 John, the son of William and Elizabeth, was one of four lodgers in the household of a widow named Mary Opie. John married Emily Johns, daughter of a miner named Samuel Johns, at Carnmenellis on 13/4/1861. (See Carnmenellis marriages 1851–1900, image 105.) By 1871 they had three children.

Halabezack, Wendron:
Name	Rel	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
John Caddy	Head	32	Tin Miner	Wendron
Emily Caddy	Wife	33	Miner's Wife	Stithians
Elisabeth Caddy	Daughter	9	Scholar	Wendron
William Caddy	Son	7	Scholar	Wendron
John Caddy	Son	3	Scholar	Wendron

— James, fourth son of William and Elizabeth Caddy —

James Caddy married Mary Jane Tresidder in Carnmenellis on 11/8/1858. (See Carnmenellis marriages 1851–1900, image 75.) Mary Jane's residence prior to her marriage was in Penmarth (where Carnmenellis church was situated); her father, whose name was William, was a miner. So apparently Mary Jane was the daughter of William and Harriet baptized on 3/3/1839 in Wendron. William Tresidder married Harriet Phillips on 3/9/1831 in Wendron.

The 1851 census record for the household of William and Harriet Tresider, at Penmarth in Carnmenellis, shows that Mary Jane had at least seven siblings.

Penmarth, Carnmenellis, 1851:
Name	Rel	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
William Tresider	Head	42	Miner & Farmer	Wendron
Harriet Tresider	Wife	42		Wendron
William Tresider	Son	18	Copper Miner	Wendron
Elizth Ann Tresider	Dau	16	Employed at Home	Wendron
Harriet Tresider	Dau	14	Employed at Home	Wendron
Martin Tresider	Son	10	Scholar Home	Wendron
Grace Tresider	Dau	6	Scholar Home	Wendron
Thomas Tresider	Son	4	Scholar Home	Wendron
Cathrine Tresider	Dau	2	Scholar Home	Wendron

I have not been able to locate Mary Jane in the 1851 census records.

At the 1861 census the household of James and Mary Jane was as follows.

Halabezack, Wendron:
Name	Rel	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
James Caddy	Head	25	Tin Miner	Wendron
Mary J. Caddy	Wife	22	Miner's Wife	Stithians
James Caddy	Son	1		Wendron
William H. Caddy	Son	3m		Wendron
Caroline Dunstone	Niece	8	Scholar	Wendron

I have not been able to determine who Caroline Dunstone was or exactly how she was related to James and Mary Jane.

I can find James Caddy's family in the 1871 census, but they are attached to a John Caddy rather than a James Caddy!

Halabezack, Wendron:
Name	Rel	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
John Caddy	Head	35	Tin Miner	Wendron
Mary J. Caddy	Wife	34	Tin Miner's Wife	Wendron
James Caddy	Son	12	Scholar	Wendron
William H. Caddy	Son	10	Scholar	Wendron
Thomas R. Caddy	Son	9	Scholar	Wendron
Elizabeth A. Caddy	Dau	7	Scholar	Wendron
John Caddy	Son	5	Scholar	Wendron
Wearn Caddy	Son	3		Wendron
Mary Caddy	Dau	1		Wendron
Elizabeth C. Caddy	–	17		Wendron

Taken on face value this would appear to be the family of a John Caddy born in 1834 or 1835, such as the John son of John and Ann mentioned above. But with the the names and ages of the two eldest children matching, and with the wife's name also matching, I think that we can be very confident that the census enumerator made a transcription error, writing John instead of James. The occurrence of the name Wearn and the fact that the address is Halabezack is further evidence of this. Moreover, we can find the family again in the 1881 census, reattached to James.

I do not know who were the parents of the Elizabeth C. Caddy above. She should not be the Elizabeth C. Caddy daughter of James' brother William, despite being about the right age, since that Elizabeth appears in her father's house on census night 1871. However, I guess it is conceivable that someone could get counted twice.

Here is the 1881 household of James and Mary Jane.

Whitallice, Wendron:
Name	Rel	Age	Occupation	Birthplace
James Caddy	Head	44	Farmer of 114 Acres	Wendron
Mary J. Caddy	Wife	42		Wendron
James Caddy	Son	21	Ag Lab	Wendron
Wilm H. Caddy	Son	20	Ag Lab	Wendron
Thos R. Caddy	Son	18	Ag Lab	Wendron
Elizth A. Caddy	Dau	16		Wendron
John Caddy	Son	14		Wendron
Wearn Caddy	Son	13		Wendron
Mary Caddy	Dau	10		Wendron
Martin Caddy	Son	7		Wendron
Margret Caddy	Dau	5		Wendron

To me 114 acres sounds like a lot. I wonder how he managed to acquire so many!